Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise
Over 500 000 automated and manual acoustic localizations, measured over seven years between 2008 and 2014, were used to examine how natural wind-driven noise and anthropogenic seismic airgun survey noise influence bowhead whale call densities (calls/km2/min) and source levels during their fall migra...
Published in: | The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19739 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 |
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ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/19739 2023-07-02T03:31:48+02:00 Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise Thode, Aaron M. Blackwell, Susanna B. Conrad, Alexander S. Kim, Katherine H. Marques, Tiago Thomas, Len Oedekoven, Cornelia S. Harris, Danielle Broker, Koen University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews. Statistics University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit 2020-04-01T15:30:01Z 20 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19739 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 eng eng Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Thode , A M , Blackwell , S B , Conrad , A S , Kim , K H , Marques , T , Thomas , L , Oedekoven , C S , Harris , D & Broker , K 2020 , ' Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 147 , no. 3 , pp. 2061-2080 . https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 0001-4966 PURE: 267169191 PURE UUID: 293b63ce-52c3-46ba-b318-80d4f57042c2 RIS: urn:19C35FF950820B4469DD6E4C1B18155A ORCID: /0000-0002-2581-1972/work/71559570 ORCID: /0000-0002-7436-067X/work/71559606 ORCID: /0000-0002-5610-7814/work/71559867 ORCID: /0000-0003-1447-1420/work/71559870 Scopus: 85082879595 WOS: 000522971700003 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19739 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 Copyright © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). QH301 Biology GC Oceanography 3rd-DAS QH301 GC Journal article 2020 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 2023-06-13T18:27:52Z Over 500 000 automated and manual acoustic localizations, measured over seven years between 2008 and 2014, were used to examine how natural wind-driven noise and anthropogenic seismic airgun survey noise influence bowhead whale call densities (calls/km2/min) and source levels during their fall migration in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Noise masking effects, which confound measurements of behavioral changes, were removed using a modified point transect theory. The authors found that mean call densities generally rose with increasing continuous wind-driven noise levels. The occurrence of weak airgun pulse sounds also prompted an increase in call density equivalent to a 10–15 dB change in natural noise level, but call density then dropped substantially with increasing cumulative sound exposure level (cSEL) from received airgun pulses. At low in-band noise levels the mean source level of the acoustically-active population changed to nearly perfectly compensate for noise increases, but as noise levels increased further the mean source level failed to keep pace, reducing the population's communication space. An increase of >40 dB cSEL from seismic airgun activity led to an increase in source levels of just a few decibels. These results have implications for bowhead acoustic density estimation, and evaluations of the masking impacts of anthropogenic noise. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Beaufort Sea bowhead whale University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Lombard ENVELOPE(-59.686,-59.686,-64.520,-64.520) The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147 3 2061 2080 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
QH301 Biology GC Oceanography 3rd-DAS QH301 GC |
spellingShingle |
QH301 Biology GC Oceanography 3rd-DAS QH301 GC Thode, Aaron M. Blackwell, Susanna B. Conrad, Alexander S. Kim, Katherine H. Marques, Tiago Thomas, Len Oedekoven, Cornelia S. Harris, Danielle Broker, Koen Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise |
topic_facet |
QH301 Biology GC Oceanography 3rd-DAS QH301 GC |
description |
Over 500 000 automated and manual acoustic localizations, measured over seven years between 2008 and 2014, were used to examine how natural wind-driven noise and anthropogenic seismic airgun survey noise influence bowhead whale call densities (calls/km2/min) and source levels during their fall migration in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Noise masking effects, which confound measurements of behavioral changes, were removed using a modified point transect theory. The authors found that mean call densities generally rose with increasing continuous wind-driven noise levels. The occurrence of weak airgun pulse sounds also prompted an increase in call density equivalent to a 10–15 dB change in natural noise level, but call density then dropped substantially with increasing cumulative sound exposure level (cSEL) from received airgun pulses. At low in-band noise levels the mean source level of the acoustically-active population changed to nearly perfectly compensate for noise increases, but as noise levels increased further the mean source level failed to keep pace, reducing the population's communication space. An increase of >40 dB cSEL from seismic airgun activity led to an increase in source levels of just a few decibels. These results have implications for bowhead acoustic density estimation, and evaluations of the masking impacts of anthropogenic noise. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed |
author2 |
University of St Andrews. School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews. Statistics University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Thode, Aaron M. Blackwell, Susanna B. Conrad, Alexander S. Kim, Katherine H. Marques, Tiago Thomas, Len Oedekoven, Cornelia S. Harris, Danielle Broker, Koen |
author_facet |
Thode, Aaron M. Blackwell, Susanna B. Conrad, Alexander S. Kim, Katherine H. Marques, Tiago Thomas, Len Oedekoven, Cornelia S. Harris, Danielle Broker, Koen |
author_sort |
Thode, Aaron M. |
title |
Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise |
title_short |
Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise |
title_full |
Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise |
title_fullStr |
Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise |
title_full_unstemmed |
Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise |
title_sort |
roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19739 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.686,-59.686,-64.520,-64.520) |
geographic |
Lombard |
geographic_facet |
Lombard |
genre |
Beaufort Sea bowhead whale |
genre_facet |
Beaufort Sea bowhead whale |
op_relation |
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Thode , A M , Blackwell , S B , Conrad , A S , Kim , K H , Marques , T , Thomas , L , Oedekoven , C S , Harris , D & Broker , K 2020 , ' Roaring and repetition : how bowhead whales adjust their call density and source level (Lombard effect) in the presence of natural and seismic airgun survey noise ' , Journal of the Acoustical Society of America , vol. 147 , no. 3 , pp. 2061-2080 . https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 0001-4966 PURE: 267169191 PURE UUID: 293b63ce-52c3-46ba-b318-80d4f57042c2 RIS: urn:19C35FF950820B4469DD6E4C1B18155A ORCID: /0000-0002-2581-1972/work/71559570 ORCID: /0000-0002-7436-067X/work/71559606 ORCID: /0000-0002-5610-7814/work/71559867 ORCID: /0000-0003-1447-1420/work/71559870 Scopus: 85082879595 WOS: 000522971700003 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19739 https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0000935 |
container_title |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
container_volume |
147 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
2061 |
op_container_end_page |
2080 |
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1770271223989665792 |