Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar
Primary funding for the SOCAL-BRS project was initially provided by the U.S. Navy’s Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Readiness Division and subsequently by the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources Program. This study measured the degree of behavioral responses in blue whales (Balaenoptera...
Published in: | Journal of Experimental Biology |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2020
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19592 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 |
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ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/19592 |
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record_format |
openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
Sonar Marine Mammal Blue whale Behavioral response Endangered Context GC Oceanography QH301 Biology T Technology DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water GC QH301 T |
spellingShingle |
Sonar Marine Mammal Blue whale Behavioral response Endangered Context GC Oceanography QH301 Biology T Technology DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water GC QH301 T Southall, Brandon DeRuiter, Stacy Friedlaender, Ari Stimpert, Alison Goldbogen, Jeremy Hazen, Elliot Casey, Caroline Fregosi, Selene Cade, Dave Allen, Ann Harris, Catriona M Schorr, Greg Moretti, Dave Guan, Shane Calambokidis, John Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar |
topic_facet |
Sonar Marine Mammal Blue whale Behavioral response Endangered Context GC Oceanography QH301 Biology T Technology DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water GC QH301 T |
description |
Primary funding for the SOCAL-BRS project was initially provided by the U.S. Navy’s Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Readiness Division and subsequently by the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources Program. This study measured the degree of behavioral responses in blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to controlled noise exposure off the southern California coast. High-resolution movement and passive acoustic data were obtained from non-invasive archival tags (n=42) whereas surface positions were obtained with visual focal follows. Controlled exposure experiments (CEEs) were used to obtain direct behavioral measurements before, during and after simulated and operational military mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), pseudorandom noise (PRN) and controls (no noise exposure). For a subset of deep-feeding animals (n=21), active acoustic measurements of prey were obtained and used as contextual covariates in response analyses. To investigate potential behavioral changes within individuals as a function of controlled noise exposure conditions, two parallel analyses of time-series data for selected behavioral parameters (e.g. diving, horizontal movement and feeding) were conducted. This included expert scoring of responses according to a specified behavioral severity rating paradigm and quantitative change-point analyses using Mahalanobis distance statistics. Both methods identified clear changes in some conditions. More than 50% of blue whales in deep-feeding states responded during CEEs, whereas no changes in behavior were identified in shallow-feeding blue whales. Overall, responses were generally brief, of low to moderate severity, and highly dependent on exposure context such as behavioral state, source-to-whale horizontal range and prey availability. Response probability did not follow a simple exposure–response model based on received exposure level. These results, in combination with additional analytical methods to investigate different aspects of potential responses within and among individuals, provide a ... |
author2 |
Office of Naval Research University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Southall, Brandon DeRuiter, Stacy Friedlaender, Ari Stimpert, Alison Goldbogen, Jeremy Hazen, Elliot Casey, Caroline Fregosi, Selene Cade, Dave Allen, Ann Harris, Catriona M Schorr, Greg Moretti, Dave Guan, Shane Calambokidis, John |
author_facet |
Southall, Brandon DeRuiter, Stacy Friedlaender, Ari Stimpert, Alison Goldbogen, Jeremy Hazen, Elliot Casey, Caroline Fregosi, Selene Cade, Dave Allen, Ann Harris, Catriona M Schorr, Greg Moretti, Dave Guan, Shane Calambokidis, John |
author_sort |
Southall, Brandon |
title |
Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar |
title_short |
Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar |
title_full |
Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar |
title_fullStr |
Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar |
title_sort |
behavioral responses of individual blue whales (balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19592 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 |
genre |
Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale |
genre_facet |
Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale |
op_relation |
Journal of Experimental Biology Southall , B , DeRuiter , S , Friedlaender , A , Stimpert , A , Goldbogen , J , Hazen , E , Casey , C , Fregosi , S , Cade , D , Allen , A , Harris , C M , Schorr , G , Moretti , D , Guan , S & Calambokidis , J 2019 , ' Behavioral responses of individual blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus ) to mid-frequency military sonar ' , Journal of Experimental Biology , vol. 222 , jeb190637 . https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 0022-0949 PURE: 255476615 PURE UUID: b95b0126-9d25-4473-9bab-7d5c4a066441 Scopus: 85062397788 WOS: 000461414600007 ORCID: /0000-0001-9198-2414/work/60887678 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19592 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 N00014-12-1-0204 |
op_rights |
© 2019 the Author's. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher's policies. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 |
container_title |
Journal of Experimental Biology |
container_volume |
222 |
container_issue |
5 |
_version_ |
1770271153283137536 |
spelling |
ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/19592 2023-07-02T03:31:45+02:00 Behavioral responses of individual blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to mid-frequency military sonar Southall, Brandon DeRuiter, Stacy Friedlaender, Ari Stimpert, Alison Goldbogen, Jeremy Hazen, Elliot Casey, Caroline Fregosi, Selene Cade, Dave Allen, Ann Harris, Catriona M Schorr, Greg Moretti, Dave Guan, Shane Calambokidis, John Office of Naval Research University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit 2020-03-04T00:31:48Z 15 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19592 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 eng eng Journal of Experimental Biology Southall , B , DeRuiter , S , Friedlaender , A , Stimpert , A , Goldbogen , J , Hazen , E , Casey , C , Fregosi , S , Cade , D , Allen , A , Harris , C M , Schorr , G , Moretti , D , Guan , S & Calambokidis , J 2019 , ' Behavioral responses of individual blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus ) to mid-frequency military sonar ' , Journal of Experimental Biology , vol. 222 , jeb190637 . https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 0022-0949 PURE: 255476615 PURE UUID: b95b0126-9d25-4473-9bab-7d5c4a066441 Scopus: 85062397788 WOS: 000461414600007 ORCID: /0000-0001-9198-2414/work/60887678 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/19592 https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 N00014-12-1-0204 © 2019 the Author's. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd. This work has been made available online in accordance with the publisher's policies. This is the final published version of the work, which was originally published at https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 Sonar Marine Mammal Blue whale Behavioral response Endangered Context GC Oceanography QH301 Biology T Technology DAS SDG 14 - Life Below Water GC QH301 T Journal article 2020 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190637 2023-06-13T18:28:16Z Primary funding for the SOCAL-BRS project was initially provided by the U.S. Navy’s Chief of Naval Operations Environmental Readiness Division and subsequently by the U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources Program. This study measured the degree of behavioral responses in blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to controlled noise exposure off the southern California coast. High-resolution movement and passive acoustic data were obtained from non-invasive archival tags (n=42) whereas surface positions were obtained with visual focal follows. Controlled exposure experiments (CEEs) were used to obtain direct behavioral measurements before, during and after simulated and operational military mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS), pseudorandom noise (PRN) and controls (no noise exposure). For a subset of deep-feeding animals (n=21), active acoustic measurements of prey were obtained and used as contextual covariates in response analyses. To investigate potential behavioral changes within individuals as a function of controlled noise exposure conditions, two parallel analyses of time-series data for selected behavioral parameters (e.g. diving, horizontal movement and feeding) were conducted. This included expert scoring of responses according to a specified behavioral severity rating paradigm and quantitative change-point analyses using Mahalanobis distance statistics. Both methods identified clear changes in some conditions. More than 50% of blue whales in deep-feeding states responded during CEEs, whereas no changes in behavior were identified in shallow-feeding blue whales. Overall, responses were generally brief, of low to moderate severity, and highly dependent on exposure context such as behavioral state, source-to-whale horizontal range and prey availability. Response probability did not follow a simple exposure–response model based on received exposure level. These results, in combination with additional analytical methods to investigate different aspects of potential responses within and among individuals, provide a ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Journal of Experimental Biology 222 5 |