The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean
Funding: John Fell Oxford University Press Research Fund (D.R.J.). In July 2011, the observation of a massive phytoplankton bloom underneath a sea ice–covered region of the Chukchi Sea shifted the scientific consensus that regions of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice were inhospitable to photosynt...
Published in: | Science Advances |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18019 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 |
id |
ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/18019 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/18019 2023-07-02T03:30:52+02:00 The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean Horvat, Christopher Rees Jones, David William Iams, Sarah Schroeder, David Flocco, Daniela Feltham, Daniel University of St Andrews. Applied Mathematics 2019-07-01T16:30:04Z 8 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18019 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 eng eng Science Advances Horvat , C , Rees Jones , D W , Iams , S , Schroeder , D , Flocco , D & Feltham , D 2017 , ' The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean ' , Science Advances , vol. 3 , no. 3 , e1601191 . https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 2375-2548 PURE: 259433825 PURE UUID: 772ab0ce-e3da-4473-8b99-ceb6d1c02dc2 Scopus: 85034012301 PubMed: 28435859 ORCID: /0000-0001-8698-401X/work/59222360 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18019 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 Copyright © 2017, The Authors This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology General NDAS BDC R2C SDG 13 - Climate Action GC QA QH301 Journal article 2019 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 2023-06-13T18:28:20Z Funding: John Fell Oxford University Press Research Fund (D.R.J.). In July 2011, the observation of a massive phytoplankton bloom underneath a sea ice–covered region of the Chukchi Sea shifted the scientific consensus that regions of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice were inhospitable to photosynthetic life. Although the impact of widespread phytoplankton blooms under sea ice on Arctic Ocean ecology and carbon fixation is potentially marked, the prevalence of these events in the modern Arctic and in the recent past is, to date, unknown. We investigate the timing, frequency, and evolution of these events over the past 30 years. Although sea ice strongly attenuates solar radiation, it has thinned significantly over the past 30 years. The thinner summertime Arctic sea ice is increasingly covered in melt ponds, which permit more light penetration than bare or snow-covered ice. Our model results indicate that the recent thinning of Arctic sea ice is the main cause of a marked increase in the prevalence of light conditions conducive to sub-ice blooms. We find that as little as 20 years ago, the conditions required for sub-ice blooms may have been uncommon, but their frequency has increased to the point that nearly 30% of the ice-covered Arctic Ocean in July permits sub-ice blooms. Recent climate change may have markedly altered the ecology of the Arctic Ocean. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Climate change Phytoplankton Sea ice University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea Science Advances 3 3 e1601191 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology General NDAS BDC R2C SDG 13 - Climate Action GC QA QH301 |
spellingShingle |
GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology General NDAS BDC R2C SDG 13 - Climate Action GC QA QH301 Horvat, Christopher Rees Jones, David William Iams, Sarah Schroeder, David Flocco, Daniela Feltham, Daniel The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
GC Oceanography QA Mathematics QH301 Biology General NDAS BDC R2C SDG 13 - Climate Action GC QA QH301 |
description |
Funding: John Fell Oxford University Press Research Fund (D.R.J.). In July 2011, the observation of a massive phytoplankton bloom underneath a sea ice–covered region of the Chukchi Sea shifted the scientific consensus that regions of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice were inhospitable to photosynthetic life. Although the impact of widespread phytoplankton blooms under sea ice on Arctic Ocean ecology and carbon fixation is potentially marked, the prevalence of these events in the modern Arctic and in the recent past is, to date, unknown. We investigate the timing, frequency, and evolution of these events over the past 30 years. Although sea ice strongly attenuates solar radiation, it has thinned significantly over the past 30 years. The thinner summertime Arctic sea ice is increasingly covered in melt ponds, which permit more light penetration than bare or snow-covered ice. Our model results indicate that the recent thinning of Arctic sea ice is the main cause of a marked increase in the prevalence of light conditions conducive to sub-ice blooms. We find that as little as 20 years ago, the conditions required for sub-ice blooms may have been uncommon, but their frequency has increased to the point that nearly 30% of the ice-covered Arctic Ocean in July permits sub-ice blooms. Recent climate change may have markedly altered the ecology of the Arctic Ocean. Publisher PDF Peer reviewed |
author2 |
University of St Andrews. Applied Mathematics |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Horvat, Christopher Rees Jones, David William Iams, Sarah Schroeder, David Flocco, Daniela Feltham, Daniel |
author_facet |
Horvat, Christopher Rees Jones, David William Iams, Sarah Schroeder, David Flocco, Daniela Feltham, Daniel |
author_sort |
Horvat, Christopher |
title |
The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the arctic ocean |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18019 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Climate change Phytoplankton Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Climate change Phytoplankton Sea ice |
op_relation |
Science Advances Horvat , C , Rees Jones , D W , Iams , S , Schroeder , D , Flocco , D & Feltham , D 2017 , ' The frequency and extent of sub-ice phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic Ocean ' , Science Advances , vol. 3 , no. 3 , e1601191 . https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 2375-2548 PURE: 259433825 PURE UUID: 772ab0ce-e3da-4473-8b99-ceb6d1c02dc2 Scopus: 85034012301 PubMed: 28435859 ORCID: /0000-0001-8698-401X/work/59222360 http://hdl.handle.net/10023/18019 https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2017, The Authors This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601191 |
container_title |
Science Advances |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
e1601191 |
_version_ |
1770275168886718464 |