Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival
This work was supported by funding from the International Whaling Commission's Pollution 2000+Program, the U.S. NOAA/NFMS Health and Stranding Response Program and the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (Grant Code SMRU 10001). The potential impact of exposure to polychlorinated bip...
Published in: | Environmental Pollution |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10023/16392 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 |
id |
ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/16392 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftstandrewserep:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/16392 2024-04-28T08:23:25+00:00 Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival Hall, Ailsa J. McConnell, Bernie J. Schwacke, Lori H. Ylitalo, Gina M. Williams, Rob Rowles, Teri K. NERC University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute 2018-11-05 577718 188376 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/10023/16392 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 eng eng Environmental Pollution 251475991 6f73134a-fbfe-4a46-99ce-f68f101f4eb8 85034072894 000424177000044 Hall , A J , McConnell , B J , Schwacke , L H , Ylitalo , G M , Williams , R & Rowles , T K 2018 , ' Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival ' , Environmental Pollution , vol. 233 , pp. 407-418 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 0269-7491 ORCID: /0000-0002-7562-1771/work/47136277 ORCID: /0000-0001-7575-5270/work/56052197 https://hdl.handle.net/10023/16392 doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 NE/R015007/1 Agreement R8-H12-86 Individual based model Risk assessment Marine mammal Contaminants GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology DAS BDC SDG 14 - Life Below Water GE QH301 Journal article 2018 ftstandrewserep https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 2024-04-09T23:33:08Z This work was supported by funding from the International Whaling Commission's Pollution 2000+Program, the U.S. NOAA/NFMS Health and Stranding Response Program and the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (Grant Code SMRU 10001). The potential impact of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the health and survival of cetaceans continues to be an issue for conservation and management, yet few quantitative approaches for estimating population level effects have been developed. An individual based model (IBM) for assessing effects on both calf survival and immunity was developed and tested. Three case study species (bottlenose dolphin, humpback whale and killer whale) in four populations were taken as examples and the impact of varying levels of PCB uptake on achievable population growth was assessed. The unique aspect of the model is its ability to evaluate likely effects of immunosuppression in addition to calf survival, enabling consequences of PCB exposure on immune function on all age-classes to be explored. By incorporating quantitative tissue concentration-response functions from laboratory animal model species into an IBM framework, population trajectories were generated. Model outputs included estimated concentrations of PCBs in the blubber of females by age, which were then compared to published empirical data. Achievable population growth rates were more affected by the inclusion of effects of PCBs on immunity than on calf survival, but the magnitude depended on the virulence of any subsequent encounter with a pathogen and the proportion of the population exposed. Since the starting population parameters were from historic studies, which may already be impacted by PCBs, the results should be interpreted on a relative rather than an absolute basis. The framework will assist in providing quantitative risk assessments for populations of concern. Peer reviewed Article in Journal/Newspaper Humpback Whale Killer Whale Killer whale University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository Environmental Pollution 233 407 418 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of St Andrews: Digital Research Repository |
op_collection_id |
ftstandrewserep |
language |
English |
topic |
Individual based model Risk assessment Marine mammal Contaminants GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology DAS BDC SDG 14 - Life Below Water GE QH301 |
spellingShingle |
Individual based model Risk assessment Marine mammal Contaminants GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology DAS BDC SDG 14 - Life Below Water GE QH301 Hall, Ailsa J. McConnell, Bernie J. Schwacke, Lori H. Ylitalo, Gina M. Williams, Rob Rowles, Teri K. Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival |
topic_facet |
Individual based model Risk assessment Marine mammal Contaminants GE Environmental Sciences QH301 Biology DAS BDC SDG 14 - Life Below Water GE QH301 |
description |
This work was supported by funding from the International Whaling Commission's Pollution 2000+Program, the U.S. NOAA/NFMS Health and Stranding Response Program and the UK's Natural Environment Research Council (Grant Code SMRU 10001). The potential impact of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the health and survival of cetaceans continues to be an issue for conservation and management, yet few quantitative approaches for estimating population level effects have been developed. An individual based model (IBM) for assessing effects on both calf survival and immunity was developed and tested. Three case study species (bottlenose dolphin, humpback whale and killer whale) in four populations were taken as examples and the impact of varying levels of PCB uptake on achievable population growth was assessed. The unique aspect of the model is its ability to evaluate likely effects of immunosuppression in addition to calf survival, enabling consequences of PCB exposure on immune function on all age-classes to be explored. By incorporating quantitative tissue concentration-response functions from laboratory animal model species into an IBM framework, population trajectories were generated. Model outputs included estimated concentrations of PCBs in the blubber of females by age, which were then compared to published empirical data. Achievable population growth rates were more affected by the inclusion of effects of PCBs on immunity than on calf survival, but the magnitude depended on the virulence of any subsequent encounter with a pathogen and the proportion of the population exposed. Since the starting population parameters were from historic studies, which may already be impacted by PCBs, the results should be interpreted on a relative rather than an absolute basis. The framework will assist in providing quantitative risk assessments for populations of concern. Peer reviewed |
author2 |
NERC University of St Andrews. School of Biology University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hall, Ailsa J. McConnell, Bernie J. Schwacke, Lori H. Ylitalo, Gina M. Williams, Rob Rowles, Teri K. |
author_facet |
Hall, Ailsa J. McConnell, Bernie J. Schwacke, Lori H. Ylitalo, Gina M. Williams, Rob Rowles, Teri K. |
author_sort |
Hall, Ailsa J. |
title |
Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival |
title_short |
Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival |
title_full |
Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival |
title_fullStr |
Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival |
title_full_unstemmed |
Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival |
title_sort |
predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10023/16392 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 |
genre |
Humpback Whale Killer Whale Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Humpback Whale Killer Whale Killer whale |
op_relation |
Environmental Pollution 251475991 6f73134a-fbfe-4a46-99ce-f68f101f4eb8 85034072894 000424177000044 Hall , A J , McConnell , B J , Schwacke , L H , Ylitalo , G M , Williams , R & Rowles , T K 2018 , ' Predicting the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on cetacean populations through impacts on immunity and calf survival ' , Environmental Pollution , vol. 233 , pp. 407-418 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 0269-7491 ORCID: /0000-0002-7562-1771/work/47136277 ORCID: /0000-0001-7575-5270/work/56052197 https://hdl.handle.net/10023/16392 doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 NE/R015007/1 Agreement R8-H12-86 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.074 |
container_title |
Environmental Pollution |
container_volume |
233 |
container_start_page |
407 |
op_container_end_page |
418 |
_version_ |
1797584379635040256 |