Global molecular diversity of Hepatitis E virus in wild boar and domestic pig

• Published in: One Health
• Main Authors: Casares-Jimenez, Maria, Lopez-Lopez, Pedro, Caballero-Gomez, Javier, Frias, Mario, Perez-Hernando, Belen, Sunday Oluremi, Adeolu, Risalde, Maria A., Ruiz-Caceres, Inmaculada, Oladele Opaleye, Oluyinka, Garcia-Bocanegra, Ignacio, Rivero-Juarez, Antonio, Rivero, Antonio
• Other Authors: Casares-Jimenez,M; Lopez-Lopez,P; Caballero-Gomez,J; Frias,M; Perez-Hernando,B; Sunday Oluremi,A; Risalde,MA; Ruiz-Caceres,I; Rivero-Juarez,A; Rivero,A Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain. Caballero-Gomez,J; Garcia-Bocanegra,I Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain. Sunday Oluremi,A; Oladele Opaleye,O Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Risalde,MA Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain., This work was supported by the Ministerio de Sanidad (RD12/0017/0012) integrated in the Plan Nacional de I + D + I and cofinanced by the ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Fundación para la Investigación en Salud (FIS) del Instituto Carlos III (PI19/00864). ARJ is the recipient of a Miguel Servet Research Contract by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Promoción y Universidades of Spain (CP18/00111). MF is the recipient of a Sara Borrell contract by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Promoción y Universidades of Spain (CD18/00091). JCG is supported by an FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU17/01319). AR is the beneficiary of Contratos para la intensificación de la actividad investigadora en el Sistema Nacional de Salud by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Promoción y Universidades of Spain (INT20-00028). The funders did not play any role in the design, conclusions, or interpretation of the study.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V. 2021
• Subjects: Hepatitis E virus; Wild boar; Pig; Genotype; Prevalence; One health; Virus de la hepatitis E; Sus scrofa; Cerdo doméstico; Genotipo; Prevalencia; Salud única; Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans; Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals; Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Viruses::Hepatitis Viruses::Hepatitis E virus; Medical Subject Headings::Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Antarctic Regions; Medical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Medical Informatics::Medical Informatics Applications::Information Systems::Databases as Topic::Databases; Factual::Databases; Chemical::Databases; Nucleic Acid; Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Artiodactyla::Swine::Sus scrofa; Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype; Medical Subject Headings::Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Asia; Medical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence; Antarctic; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4451; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100304

Our study aim was to describe and characterize the global Hepatitis E virus (HEV) molecular and genotype geographical distribution in domestic pig and wild boar, which could facilitate the traceability of human cases. We performed a systematic sequence search for HEVs identified in domestic pig and wild boar from the available data in GenBank. Only sequences with lengths greater than 300 nt were included. For all sequences, the sequence length, host (i.e., domestic pig or wild boar), country of origin, and HEV genotype/subtype were recorded. Genotypes were assigned by the HEVnet typing tool. The genotype distributions were described by country and host. In countries with sequences available for both species, the genotype coincidences between both animal populations were analyzed. A total of 1404 viral sequences were included: 32.6% from wild boar and 67.4% from domestic pig. Most sequences were consistent with HEV genotype 3 (n = 1165). Genotype 4 was represented by 193 sequences, while genotypes 5 and 6 were represented by only 6 sequences. Sequences were identified in 39 countries, which included all continents except Antarctica. The genotypes with a wide distribution were 3a and 3f. Twenty-five countries had sequences that were found only in domestic pig, three countries only in wild boar, and 11 countries had sequences in both populations. In all countries with available sequences in both populations, the same viral genotype was identified. Our study shows that the number of swine HEV sequences is small, which limits direct comparisons with the sequences identified in humans. The global distribution of genotype 3, together with the wide distribution of genotype 4 in Asia, strongly limits the interpretation of the molecular analysis in the absence of an epidemiological survey of the cases. Increased HEV sequencing in swine should be a priority. Yes