The Residence Times of Trace Elements Determined in the Surface Arctic Ocean During the 2015 US Arctic GEOTRACES Expedition

• Published in: Marine Chemistry
• Main Authors: Kadko, David, Aguilar-Islas, Ana, Bolt, Channing, Buck, Clifton S., Fitzsimmons, Jessica N., Jensen, Laramie T., Landing, William M., Marsay, Chris M., Rember, Robert, Shiller, Alan M., Whitmore, Laura M., Anderson, Robert F.
• Format: Text
• Language: unknown
• Published: The Aquila Digital Community 2019
• Subjects: trace elements; residence times; Arctic Ocean; GEOTRACES; Oceanography; Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology; Physical Sciences and Mathematics; Arctic
• Online Access: https://aquila.usm.edu/fac_pubs/15676; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.10.011

Data collected during the US Arctic GEOTRACES expedition in 2015 are used to estimate the mean residence time of dissolved trace elements (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, V) in surface water with respect to atmospheric deposition. The calculations utilize mixed layer trace element (TE) inventories, aerosol solubility determinations, and estimates of the atmospheric trace element flux into the upper ocean. The trace element flux is estimated by the product of the 7Be flux (determined by the ocean 7Be inventory) and the TE/7Be ratio of aerosols. This method has been established elsewhere and is tested here by comparing 7Be-derived TE flux to the measured TE accumulation in recently deposited snow. Given the variability in snow and aerosol TE concentration observed over the expedition, and the limited timescale of the observations, agreement between the two methods is reasonable. While there are assumptions in these calculations, the distribution of residence times with respect to atmospheric input across the expedition track informs us of additional sources or sinks for each element. The residence time of dissolved Fe was ~ 20–40 y for most stations. However, several stations that display a longer, oceanographically inconsistent apparent Fe residence time of ~300–500 years are likely influenced by additional input from the Transpolar Drift (TPD), which has been shown to convey shelf water properties to the central Arctic. This was seen for Cu, Ni and Zn as well. The flux of Fe delivered by the TPD was ~ 10 nmol/m2/d for these stations, an order of magnitude greater than the soluble atmospheric input. On the other hand, V and Pb show a decrease in the apparent residence times within TPD water, suggesting removal of these elements from the source region of the TPD. For Mn, there is no obvious trend in residence time among the stations; however the apparent residence time (400–1400 y) is significantly greater than the ~20 y calculated for atmospheric input elsewhere, signifying appreciable input from other sources. It ...