Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change
Understanding current and future biodiversity responses to changing climate is pivotal as anthropogenic climate change continues. This understanding is complicated by the multitude of available metrics to quantify dynamics and by biased sampling protocols. Here, we investigate the impact of sampling...
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ftsouthampton:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:468464 2023-12-03T10:27:06+01:00 Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change Kearns, Lorna Bohaty, Steven Edgar, Kirsty M Ezard, Thomas 2022-08-08 text https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/ https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/1/Kearns_Palaeobiology_Author_Copy.docx https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/2/small_but_mighty_how_overlooked_small_species_maintain_community_structure_through_middle_eocene_climate_change.pdf en English eng https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/1/Kearns_Palaeobiology_Author_Copy.docx https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/2/small_but_mighty_how_overlooked_small_species_maintain_community_structure_through_middle_eocene_climate_change.pdf Kearns, Lorna, Bohaty, Steven, Edgar, Kirsty M and Ezard, Thomas (2022) Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change. Paleobiology. (doi:10.1017/pab.2022.24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2022.24>). cc_by_4 Article PeerReviewed 2022 ftsouthampton https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2022.24 2023-11-03T00:05:15Z Understanding current and future biodiversity responses to changing climate is pivotal as anthropogenic climate change continues. This understanding is complicated by the multitude of available metrics to quantify dynamics and by biased sampling protocols. Here, we investigate the impact of sampling protocol strategies using a data-rich fossil record to calculate effective diversity using Hill numbers for the first time on Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. We sample 22,830 individual tests, in two different size classes, across a 7 Myr time slice of the middle Eocene featuring a major transient warming event, the middle Eocene climatic optimum (MECO; ~40 Ma), at study sites in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Using generalized additive models, we investigate community responses to climatic fluctuations. After correcting for any effects of fossil fragmentation, we show a peak in generic diversity in the early and middle stages of the MECO as well as divergent trajectories between the typical size-selected community (>180 µm) and a broader selection, including smaller genera (>63 µm). Assemblages featuring smaller genera are more resilient to the climatic fluctuations of the MECO than those assemblages that feature only larger genera, maintaining their community structure at the reference Hill numbers for Shannon’s and Simpson’s indices. These results raise fundamental questions about how communities respond to climate excursions. In addition, our results emphasize the need to design studies with the aim of collecting the most inclusive data possible to allow detection of community changes and determine which species are likely to dominate future environments. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Planktonic foraminifera University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton Paleobiology 1 22 |
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University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton |
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ftsouthampton |
language |
English |
description |
Understanding current and future biodiversity responses to changing climate is pivotal as anthropogenic climate change continues. This understanding is complicated by the multitude of available metrics to quantify dynamics and by biased sampling protocols. Here, we investigate the impact of sampling protocol strategies using a data-rich fossil record to calculate effective diversity using Hill numbers for the first time on Paleogene planktonic foraminifera. We sample 22,830 individual tests, in two different size classes, across a 7 Myr time slice of the middle Eocene featuring a major transient warming event, the middle Eocene climatic optimum (MECO; ~40 Ma), at study sites in the midlatitude North Atlantic. Using generalized additive models, we investigate community responses to climatic fluctuations. After correcting for any effects of fossil fragmentation, we show a peak in generic diversity in the early and middle stages of the MECO as well as divergent trajectories between the typical size-selected community (>180 µm) and a broader selection, including smaller genera (>63 µm). Assemblages featuring smaller genera are more resilient to the climatic fluctuations of the MECO than those assemblages that feature only larger genera, maintaining their community structure at the reference Hill numbers for Shannon’s and Simpson’s indices. These results raise fundamental questions about how communities respond to climate excursions. In addition, our results emphasize the need to design studies with the aim of collecting the most inclusive data possible to allow detection of community changes and determine which species are likely to dominate future environments. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kearns, Lorna Bohaty, Steven Edgar, Kirsty M Ezard, Thomas |
spellingShingle |
Kearns, Lorna Bohaty, Steven Edgar, Kirsty M Ezard, Thomas Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change |
author_facet |
Kearns, Lorna Bohaty, Steven Edgar, Kirsty M Ezard, Thomas |
author_sort |
Kearns, Lorna |
title |
Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change |
title_short |
Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change |
title_full |
Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change |
title_fullStr |
Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change |
title_full_unstemmed |
Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change |
title_sort |
small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle eocene climate change |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/ https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/1/Kearns_Palaeobiology_Author_Copy.docx https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/2/small_but_mighty_how_overlooked_small_species_maintain_community_structure_through_middle_eocene_climate_change.pdf |
genre |
North Atlantic Planktonic foraminifera |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Planktonic foraminifera |
op_relation |
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/1/Kearns_Palaeobiology_Author_Copy.docx https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/468464/2/small_but_mighty_how_overlooked_small_species_maintain_community_structure_through_middle_eocene_climate_change.pdf Kearns, Lorna, Bohaty, Steven, Edgar, Kirsty M and Ezard, Thomas (2022) Small but mighty: how overlooked small species maintain community structure through middle Eocene climate change. Paleobiology. (doi:10.1017/pab.2022.24 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2022.24>). |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2022.24 |
container_title |
Paleobiology |
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1 |
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22 |
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1784276682163617792 |