Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes to the AMOC both her...
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Online Access: | https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/ https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/1/fmars_06_00260.pdf |
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ftsouthampton:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:431715 2023-07-30T04:05:20+02:00 Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herlé Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C. Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron McCarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris 2019-06-07 text https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/ https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/1/fmars_06_00260.pdf en English eng https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/1/fmars_06_00260.pdf Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Ansorge, Isabelle J., Baehr, Johanna, Bryden, Harry L., Chidichimo, Maria Paz, Cunningham, Stuart A., Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Dong, Shenfu, Donohue, Kathleen A., Elipot, Shane, Heimbach, Patrick, Holliday, N. Penny, Hummels, Rebecca, Jackson, Laura C., Karstensen, Johannes, Lankhorst, Matthias, Le Bras, Isabela A., Lozier, M. Susan, Mcdonagh, Elaine L., Meinen, Christopher S., Mercier, Herlé, Moat, Bengamin I., Perez, Renellys C., Piecuch, Christopher G., Rhein, Monika, Srokosz, Meric A., Trenberth, Kevin E., Bacon, Sheldon, Forget, Gael, Goni, Gustavo, Kieke, Dagmar, Koelling, Jannes, Lamont, Tarron, McCarthy, Gerard D., Mertens, Christian, Send, Uwe, Smeed, David A., Speich, Sabrina, Van Den Berg, Marcel, Volkov, Denis and Wilson, Chris (2019) Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260>). cc_by_4 Article PeerReviewed 2019 ftsouthampton https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 2023-07-09T22:30:11Z The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes to the AMOC both herald and drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin AMOC observational systems have been put in place to continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, and in some cases, heat, freshwater and carbon transport. These observational programs have been used to diagnose the magnitude and origins of transport variability, and to investigate impacts of variability on essential climate variables such as sea surface temperature, ocean heat content and coastal sea level. AMOC observing approaches vary between the different systems, ranging from trans-basin arrays (OSNAP, RAPID 26°N, 11°S, SAMBA 34.5°S) to arrays concentrating on western boundaries (e.g., RAPID WAVE, MOVE 16°N). In this paper, we outline the different approaches (aims, strengths and limitations) and summarize the key results to date. We also discuss alternate approaches for capturing AMOC variability including direct estimates (e.g., using sea level, bottom pressure, and hydrography from autonomous profiling floats), indirect estimates applying budgetary approaches, state estimates or ocean reanalyses, and proxies. Based on the existing observations and their results, and the potential of new observational and formal synthesis approaches, we make suggestions as to how to evaluate a comprehensive, future-proof observational network of the AMOC to deepen our understanding of the AMOC and its role in global climate. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Southern Ocean University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton Southern Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton |
op_collection_id |
ftsouthampton |
language |
English |
description |
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) extends from the Southern Ocean to the northern North Atlantic, transporting heat northwards throughout the South and North Atlantic, and sinking carbon and nutrients into the deep ocean. Climate models indicate that changes to the AMOC both herald and drive climate shifts. Intensive trans-basin AMOC observational systems have been put in place to continuously monitor meridional volume transport variability, and in some cases, heat, freshwater and carbon transport. These observational programs have been used to diagnose the magnitude and origins of transport variability, and to investigate impacts of variability on essential climate variables such as sea surface temperature, ocean heat content and coastal sea level. AMOC observing approaches vary between the different systems, ranging from trans-basin arrays (OSNAP, RAPID 26°N, 11°S, SAMBA 34.5°S) to arrays concentrating on western boundaries (e.g., RAPID WAVE, MOVE 16°N). In this paper, we outline the different approaches (aims, strengths and limitations) and summarize the key results to date. We also discuss alternate approaches for capturing AMOC variability including direct estimates (e.g., using sea level, bottom pressure, and hydrography from autonomous profiling floats), indirect estimates applying budgetary approaches, state estimates or ocean reanalyses, and proxies. Based on the existing observations and their results, and the potential of new observational and formal synthesis approaches, we make suggestions as to how to evaluate a comprehensive, future-proof observational network of the AMOC to deepen our understanding of the AMOC and its role in global climate. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herlé Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C. Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron McCarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris |
spellingShingle |
Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herlé Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C. Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron McCarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability |
author_facet |
Frajka-Williams, Eleanor Ansorge, Isabelle J. Baehr, Johanna Bryden, Harry L. Chidichimo, Maria Paz Cunningham, Stuart A. Danabasoglu, Gokhan Dong, Shenfu Donohue, Kathleen A. Elipot, Shane Heimbach, Patrick Holliday, N. Penny Hummels, Rebecca Jackson, Laura C. Karstensen, Johannes Lankhorst, Matthias Le Bras, Isabela A. Lozier, M. Susan Mcdonagh, Elaine L. Meinen, Christopher S. Mercier, Herlé Moat, Bengamin I. Perez, Renellys C. Piecuch, Christopher G. Rhein, Monika Srokosz, Meric A. Trenberth, Kevin E. Bacon, Sheldon Forget, Gael Goni, Gustavo Kieke, Dagmar Koelling, Jannes Lamont, Tarron McCarthy, Gerard D. Mertens, Christian Send, Uwe Smeed, David A. Speich, Sabrina Van Den Berg, Marcel Volkov, Denis Wilson, Chris |
author_sort |
Frajka-Williams, Eleanor |
title |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability |
title_short |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability |
title_full |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability |
title_fullStr |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability |
title_sort |
atlantic meridional overturning circulation: observed transport and variability |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/ https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/1/fmars_06_00260.pdf |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431715/1/fmars_06_00260.pdf Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Ansorge, Isabelle J., Baehr, Johanna, Bryden, Harry L., Chidichimo, Maria Paz, Cunningham, Stuart A., Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Dong, Shenfu, Donohue, Kathleen A., Elipot, Shane, Heimbach, Patrick, Holliday, N. Penny, Hummels, Rebecca, Jackson, Laura C., Karstensen, Johannes, Lankhorst, Matthias, Le Bras, Isabela A., Lozier, M. Susan, Mcdonagh, Elaine L., Meinen, Christopher S., Mercier, Herlé, Moat, Bengamin I., Perez, Renellys C., Piecuch, Christopher G., Rhein, Monika, Srokosz, Meric A., Trenberth, Kevin E., Bacon, Sheldon, Forget, Gael, Goni, Gustavo, Kieke, Dagmar, Koelling, Jannes, Lamont, Tarron, McCarthy, Gerard D., Mertens, Christian, Send, Uwe, Smeed, David A., Speich, Sabrina, Van Den Berg, Marcel, Volkov, Denis and Wilson, Chris (2019) Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: Observed transport and variability. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260>). |
op_rights |
cc_by_4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00260 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
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1772817163657150464 |