An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations
We characterise the representation of the Southern Ocean water mass structure and sea ice within a suite of 15 global ocean-ice models run with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment Phase II (CORE-II) protocol. The main focus is the representation of the present (1988–2007) mode and interme...
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Online Access: | https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383328/ |
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ftsouthampton:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:383328 2023-07-30T03:59:16+02:00 An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations Downes, Stephanie M. Farneti, Riccardo Uotila, Petteri Griffies, Stephen M. Marsland, Simon J. Bailey, David Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Böning, Claus Bozec, Alexandra Canuto, Vittorio M. Chassignet, Eric Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Diansky, Nikolay Drange, Helge Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Gusev, Anatoly Howard, Armando Ilicak, Mehmet Jung, Thomas Kelley, Maxwell Large, William G. Leboissetier, Anthony Long, Matthew Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Mishra, Akhilesh Navarra, Antonio Nurser, A.J. George Patara, Lavinia Samuels, Bonita L. Sidorenko, Dmitry Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Wang, Qiang Yeager, Stephen G. 2015-10 https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383328/ English eng Downes, Stephanie M., Farneti, Riccardo, Uotila, Petteri, Griffies, Stephen M., Marsland, Simon J., Bailey, David, Behrens, Erik, Bentsen, Mats, Bi, Daohua, Biastoch, Arne, Böning, Claus, Bozec, Alexandra, Canuto, Vittorio M., Chassignet, Eric, Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Danilov, Sergey, Diansky, Nikolay, Drange, Helge, Fogli, Pier Giuseppe, Gusev, Anatoly, Howard, Armando, Ilicak, Mehmet, Jung, Thomas, Kelley, Maxwell, Large, William G., Leboissetier, Anthony, Long, Matthew, Lu, Jianhua, Masina, Simona, Mishra, Akhilesh, Navarra, Antonio, Nurser, A.J. George, Patara, Lavinia, Samuels, Bonita L., Sidorenko, Dmitry, Spence, Paul, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wang, Qiang and Yeager, Stephen G. (2015) An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Ocean Modelling, 94, 67-94. (doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022>). Article PeerReviewed 2015 ftsouthampton https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022 2023-07-09T22:02:30Z We characterise the representation of the Southern Ocean water mass structure and sea ice within a suite of 15 global ocean-ice models run with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment Phase II (CORE-II) protocol. The main focus is the representation of the present (1988–2007) mode and intermediate waters, thus framing an analysis of winter and summer mixed layer depths; temperature, salinity, and potential vorticity structure; and temporal variability of sea ice distributions. We also consider the interannual variability over the same 20 year period. Comparisons are made between models as well as to observation-based analyses where available. The CORE-II models exhibit several biases relative to Southern Ocean observations, including an underestimation of the model mean mixed layer depths of mode and intermediate water masses in March (associated with greater ocean surface heat gain), and an overestimation in September (associated with greater high latitude ocean heat loss and a more northward winter sea-ice extent). In addition, the models have cold and fresh/warm and salty water column biases centred near 50°S. Over the 1988–2007 period, the CORE-II models consistently simulate spatially variable trends in sea-ice concentration, surface freshwater fluxes, mixed layer depths, and 200–700 m ocean heat content. In particular, sea-ice coverage around most of the Antarctic continental shelf is reduced, leading to a cooling and freshening of the near surface waters. The shoaling of the mixed layer is associated with increased surface buoyancy gain, except in the Pacific where sea ice is also influential. The models are in disagreement, despite the common CORE-II atmospheric state, in their spatial pattern of the 20-year trends in the mixed layer depth and sea-ice. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic Ocean Modelling 94 67 94 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton |
op_collection_id |
ftsouthampton |
language |
English |
description |
We characterise the representation of the Southern Ocean water mass structure and sea ice within a suite of 15 global ocean-ice models run with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment Phase II (CORE-II) protocol. The main focus is the representation of the present (1988–2007) mode and intermediate waters, thus framing an analysis of winter and summer mixed layer depths; temperature, salinity, and potential vorticity structure; and temporal variability of sea ice distributions. We also consider the interannual variability over the same 20 year period. Comparisons are made between models as well as to observation-based analyses where available. The CORE-II models exhibit several biases relative to Southern Ocean observations, including an underestimation of the model mean mixed layer depths of mode and intermediate water masses in March (associated with greater ocean surface heat gain), and an overestimation in September (associated with greater high latitude ocean heat loss and a more northward winter sea-ice extent). In addition, the models have cold and fresh/warm and salty water column biases centred near 50°S. Over the 1988–2007 period, the CORE-II models consistently simulate spatially variable trends in sea-ice concentration, surface freshwater fluxes, mixed layer depths, and 200–700 m ocean heat content. In particular, sea-ice coverage around most of the Antarctic continental shelf is reduced, leading to a cooling and freshening of the near surface waters. The shoaling of the mixed layer is associated with increased surface buoyancy gain, except in the Pacific where sea ice is also influential. The models are in disagreement, despite the common CORE-II atmospheric state, in their spatial pattern of the 20-year trends in the mixed layer depth and sea-ice. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Downes, Stephanie M. Farneti, Riccardo Uotila, Petteri Griffies, Stephen M. Marsland, Simon J. Bailey, David Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Böning, Claus Bozec, Alexandra Canuto, Vittorio M. Chassignet, Eric Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Diansky, Nikolay Drange, Helge Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Gusev, Anatoly Howard, Armando Ilicak, Mehmet Jung, Thomas Kelley, Maxwell Large, William G. Leboissetier, Anthony Long, Matthew Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Mishra, Akhilesh Navarra, Antonio Nurser, A.J. George Patara, Lavinia Samuels, Bonita L. Sidorenko, Dmitry Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Wang, Qiang Yeager, Stephen G. |
spellingShingle |
Downes, Stephanie M. Farneti, Riccardo Uotila, Petteri Griffies, Stephen M. Marsland, Simon J. Bailey, David Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Böning, Claus Bozec, Alexandra Canuto, Vittorio M. Chassignet, Eric Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Diansky, Nikolay Drange, Helge Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Gusev, Anatoly Howard, Armando Ilicak, Mehmet Jung, Thomas Kelley, Maxwell Large, William G. Leboissetier, Anthony Long, Matthew Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Mishra, Akhilesh Navarra, Antonio Nurser, A.J. George Patara, Lavinia Samuels, Bonita L. Sidorenko, Dmitry Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Wang, Qiang Yeager, Stephen G. An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations |
author_facet |
Downes, Stephanie M. Farneti, Riccardo Uotila, Petteri Griffies, Stephen M. Marsland, Simon J. Bailey, David Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Böning, Claus Bozec, Alexandra Canuto, Vittorio M. Chassignet, Eric Danabasoglu, Gokhan Danilov, Sergey Diansky, Nikolay Drange, Helge Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Gusev, Anatoly Howard, Armando Ilicak, Mehmet Jung, Thomas Kelley, Maxwell Large, William G. Leboissetier, Anthony Long, Matthew Lu, Jianhua Masina, Simona Mishra, Akhilesh Navarra, Antonio Nurser, A.J. George Patara, Lavinia Samuels, Bonita L. Sidorenko, Dmitry Spence, Paul Tsujino, Hiroyuki Wang, Qiang Yeager, Stephen G. |
author_sort |
Downes, Stephanie M. |
title |
An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations |
title_short |
An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations |
title_full |
An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations |
title_fullStr |
An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations |
title_full_unstemmed |
An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations |
title_sort |
assessment of southern ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual core-ii simulations |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383328/ |
geographic |
Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
Downes, Stephanie M., Farneti, Riccardo, Uotila, Petteri, Griffies, Stephen M., Marsland, Simon J., Bailey, David, Behrens, Erik, Bentsen, Mats, Bi, Daohua, Biastoch, Arne, Böning, Claus, Bozec, Alexandra, Canuto, Vittorio M., Chassignet, Eric, Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Danilov, Sergey, Diansky, Nikolay, Drange, Helge, Fogli, Pier Giuseppe, Gusev, Anatoly, Howard, Armando, Ilicak, Mehmet, Jung, Thomas, Kelley, Maxwell, Large, William G., Leboissetier, Anthony, Long, Matthew, Lu, Jianhua, Masina, Simona, Mishra, Akhilesh, Navarra, Antonio, Nurser, A.J. George, Patara, Lavinia, Samuels, Bonita L., Sidorenko, Dmitry, Spence, Paul, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Wang, Qiang and Yeager, Stephen G. (2015) An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations. Ocean Modelling, 94, 67-94. (doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022>). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.07.022 |
container_title |
Ocean Modelling |
container_volume |
94 |
container_start_page |
67 |
op_container_end_page |
94 |
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1772810009864830976 |