Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms
Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue...
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ftsouthampton:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:24168 2023-07-30T04:06:04+02:00 Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms Orr, J.C. Fabry, V.J. Aumont, O. Bopp, L. Doney, S.C. Feely, R.A. Gnanadesikan, A. Gruber, N. Ishida, A. Joos, F. Key, R.M. Lindsay, K. Maier-Reimer, E. Matear, R. Monfray, P. Mouchet, A. Najjar, R.G. Plattner, G.K. Rodgers, K.B. Sabine, C.L. Sarmiento, J.L. Schlitzer, R. Slater, R.D. Totterdell, I.J. Weirig, M.F. Yamanaka, Y. Yool, A. 2005 https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/24168/ unknown Orr, J.C., Fabry, V.J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S.C., Feely, R.A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Key, R.M., Lindsay, K., Maier-Reimer, E., Matear, R., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R.G., Plattner, G.K., Rodgers, K.B., Sabine, C.L., Sarmiento, J.L., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R.D., Totterdell, I.J., Weirig, M.F., Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature, 437 (7059), 681-686. (doi:10.1038/nature04095 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04095>). Article PeerReviewed 2005 ftsouthampton https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04095 2023-07-09T20:39:06Z Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue, key marine organisms—such as corals and some plankton—will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a 'business-as-usual' scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton Pacific Southern Ocean Nature 437 7059 681 686 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
University of Southampton: e-Prints Soton |
op_collection_id |
ftsouthampton |
language |
unknown |
description |
Today's surface ocean is saturated with respect to calcium carbonate, but increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations are reducing ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations, and thus the level of calcium carbonate saturation. Experimental evidence suggests that if these trends continue, key marine organisms—such as corals and some plankton—will have difficulty maintaining their external calcium carbonate skeletons. Here we use 13 models of the ocean–carbon cycle to assess calcium carbonate saturation under the IS92a 'business-as-usual' scenario for future emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. In our projections, Southern Ocean surface waters will begin to become undersaturated with respect to aragonite, a metastable form of calcium carbonate, by the year 2050. By 2100, this undersaturation could extend throughout the entire Southern Ocean and into the subarctic Pacific Ocean. When live pteropods were exposed to our predicted level of undersaturation during a two-day shipboard experiment, their aragonite shells showed notable dissolution. Our findings indicate that conditions detrimental to high-latitude ecosystems could develop within decades, not centuries as suggested previously. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Orr, J.C. Fabry, V.J. Aumont, O. Bopp, L. Doney, S.C. Feely, R.A. Gnanadesikan, A. Gruber, N. Ishida, A. Joos, F. Key, R.M. Lindsay, K. Maier-Reimer, E. Matear, R. Monfray, P. Mouchet, A. Najjar, R.G. Plattner, G.K. Rodgers, K.B. Sabine, C.L. Sarmiento, J.L. Schlitzer, R. Slater, R.D. Totterdell, I.J. Weirig, M.F. Yamanaka, Y. Yool, A. |
spellingShingle |
Orr, J.C. Fabry, V.J. Aumont, O. Bopp, L. Doney, S.C. Feely, R.A. Gnanadesikan, A. Gruber, N. Ishida, A. Joos, F. Key, R.M. Lindsay, K. Maier-Reimer, E. Matear, R. Monfray, P. Mouchet, A. Najjar, R.G. Plattner, G.K. Rodgers, K.B. Sabine, C.L. Sarmiento, J.L. Schlitzer, R. Slater, R.D. Totterdell, I.J. Weirig, M.F. Yamanaka, Y. Yool, A. Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
author_facet |
Orr, J.C. Fabry, V.J. Aumont, O. Bopp, L. Doney, S.C. Feely, R.A. Gnanadesikan, A. Gruber, N. Ishida, A. Joos, F. Key, R.M. Lindsay, K. Maier-Reimer, E. Matear, R. Monfray, P. Mouchet, A. Najjar, R.G. Plattner, G.K. Rodgers, K.B. Sabine, C.L. Sarmiento, J.L. Schlitzer, R. Slater, R.D. Totterdell, I.J. Weirig, M.F. Yamanaka, Y. Yool, A. |
author_sort |
Orr, J.C. |
title |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_short |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_full |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_fullStr |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
title_sort |
anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/24168/ |
geographic |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification Southern Ocean Subarctic |
op_relation |
Orr, J.C., Fabry, V.J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S.C., Feely, R.A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A., Joos, F., Key, R.M., Lindsay, K., Maier-Reimer, E., Matear, R., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R.G., Plattner, G.K., Rodgers, K.B., Sabine, C.L., Sarmiento, J.L., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R.D., Totterdell, I.J., Weirig, M.F., Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A. (2005) Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms. Nature, 437 (7059), 681-686. (doi:10.1038/nature04095 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04095>). |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04095 |
container_title |
Nature |
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437 |
container_issue |
7059 |
container_start_page |
681 |
op_container_end_page |
686 |
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1772818453566062592 |