Impacts of Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheet melt on future Köppen climate zone changes simulated by an atmospheric and oceanic general circulation model

• Published in: Applied Geography
• Main Authors: Defrance, Dimitri, Catry, Thibault, Rajaud, Amélie, Dessay, Nadine, Sultan, Benjamin
• Other Authors: UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: Climate modeling; Ice sheet melting; Climate change; Köppen classification; IPSL-CM5A-LR; [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society; [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]; [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces; environment; Antarc*; Antarctic; Antarctica; Greenland; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://ird.hal.science/ird-02568787; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102216

International audience Climate change studies in recent decades have been based on Global Climate Models (GCMs), and the changes in the distribution of climatic regions over time extracted from these models can be represented using the Köppen climatic classification system, which predicts the global distribution of biomes based on monthly precipitation and average temperatures. In this study, the Köppen classification is used to evaluate the impacts of the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets on GCM simulation results, on regional and global scales. To assess the impacts of accelerated ice sheet melting, an approach is utilized which is based on numerical simulations from the IPSL-CM5A-LR GCM; here, freshwater is introduced near the ice sheets and is superimposed on the RCP8.5 scenario. The changes in the distribution of the Köppen climatic regions under various scenarios (a historical run from observations, RCP8.5, and various examples of polar ice sheet melting) and comparisons between them reveal that major changes will occur on the global scale during the period 2041–2060. The analysis of group shifts within the Köppen classification system reveals that when freshwater from Greenland or Antarctica is introduced into the ocean, the inter-tropical belt undergoes greater change than it does under the RCP8.5 scenario. A focus on sub-group shifts within the Koppen classification system shows that changes in precipitation have major impacts on the climate in the Southern Hemisphere. Further, the changes are more drastic if the freshwater originates from Greenland than from Antarctica or from both locations. However, changes in temperature strongly impact the climate in the Northern Hemisphere and are significantly affected by the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This study highlights the importance of considering ice sheet melting in the modeling of future global climate.