Phylogeny and Evolution of the Brown Algae

• Published in: Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
• Main Authors: Bringloe, Trevor, T, Starko, Samuel, Wade, Rachael, M, Vieira, Christophe, Kawai, Hiroshi, de Clerck, Olivier, Cock, J. Mark, Coelho, Susana, M, Destombe, Christophe, Valero, Myriam, Neiva, João, Pearson, Gareth, A, Faugeron, Sylvain, Serrão, Ester, A, Verbruggen, Heroen
• Other Authors: University of Melbourne, University of Victoria Canada (UVIC), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Kobe University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrative des Modèles Marins (LBI2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff = Roscoff Marine Station (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie évolutive et écologie des algues = Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff = Roscoff Marine Station (SBR), Centre of Marine Sciences Faro (CCMAR), University of Algarve Portugal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ANR-19-CE20-0028,Epicycle,Régulation génétique et épigénétique du cycle de vie de l'algue brune Ectocarpus(2019), European Project: 638240,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,SEXSEA(2015)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2020
• Subjects: Biogeography; complex life cycles; diversity; genomics; seaweed; speciation; [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]; Arctic
• Online Access: https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-02995644; https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-02995644/document; https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-02995644/file/Bringloe%20brown%20algae%20review%2020.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2020.1787679

International audience The brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are a group of multicellular heterokonts that are ubiquitous in today's oceans. Large brown algae from multiple orders are the foundation to temperate coastal ecosystems globally, a role that extends into arctic and tropical regions, providing services indirectly through increased coastal productivity and habitat provisioning, and directly as a source of food and commercially important extracts. Recent multi-locus and genome-scale analyses have revolutionized our understanding of the brown algal phyl-ogeny, providing a robust framework to test evolutionary hypotheses and interpret genomic variation across diverse brown algal lineages. Here, we review recent developments in our understanding of brown algal evolution based on modern advances in phylogenetics and functional genomics. We begin by summarizing modern phylogenetic hypotheses, illuminating the timescales over which the various brown algal orders diversified. We then discuss key insights on our understanding of brown algal life cycle variation and sexual reproduction systems derived from modern genomic techniques. We also review brown algal speci-ation mechanisms and the associated biogeographic patterns that have emerged globally. We conclude our review by discussing promising avenues for future research opened by genomic datasets, directions that are expected to reveal critical insights into brown algal evolution in past, present, and future oceans.