Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination
International audience During the last termination (from ~18 000 years ago to ~9000 years ago), the climate significantly warmed and the ice sheets melted. Simultaneously, atmospheric CO 2 increased from ~190 ppm to ~260 ppm. Although this CO 2 rise plays an important role in the deglacial warming,...
Published in: | Climate of the Past |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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HAL CCSD
2012
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hal.science/hal-00753315 https://hal.science/hal-00753315/document https://hal.science/hal-00753315/file/cp-8-149-2012.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 |
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HAL Sorbonne Université |
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English |
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[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
spellingShingle |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] Bouttes, Nathaëlle Paillard, Didier Roche, Didier M. Waelbroeck, Claire Kageyama, Masa Lourantou, Anna Michel, Elisabeth Bopp, Laurent Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination |
topic_facet |
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
description |
International audience During the last termination (from ~18 000 years ago to ~9000 years ago), the climate significantly warmed and the ice sheets melted. Simultaneously, atmospheric CO 2 increased from ~190 ppm to ~260 ppm. Although this CO 2 rise plays an important role in the deglacial warming, the reasons for its evolution are difficult to explain. Only box models have been used to run transient simulations of this carbon cycle transition, but by forcing the model with data constrained scenarios of the evolution of temperature, sea level, sea ice, NADW formation, Southern Ocean vertical mixing and biological carbon pump. More complex models (including GCMs) have investigated some of these mechanisms but they have only been used to try and explain LGM versus present day steady-state climates. In this study we use a coupled climate-carbon model of intermediate complexity to explore the role of three oceanic processes in transient simulations: the sinking of brines, stratification-dependent diffusion and iron fertilization. Carbonate compensation is accounted for in these simulations. We show that neither iron fertilization nor the sinking of brines alone can account for the evolution of CO 2 , and that only the combination of the sinking of brines and interactive diffusion can simultaneously simulate the increase in deep Southern Ocean δ 13 C. The scenario that agrees best with the data takes into account all mechanisms and favours a rapid cessation of the sinking of brines around 18 000 years ago, when the Antarctic ice sheet extent was at its maximum. In this scenario, we make the hypothesis that sea ice formation was then shifted to the open ocean where the salty water is quickly mixed with fresher water, which prevents deep sinking of salty water and therefore breaks down the deep stratification and releases carbon from the abyss. Based on this scenario, it is possible to simulate both the amplitude and timing of the long-term CO 2 increase during the last termination in agreement with ice core data. ... |
author2 |
NCAS-Climate Reading Department of Meteorology Reading University of Reading (UOR)-University of Reading (UOR) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Modélisation du climat (CLIM) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam (VU) Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bouttes, Nathaëlle Paillard, Didier Roche, Didier M. Waelbroeck, Claire Kageyama, Masa Lourantou, Anna Michel, Elisabeth Bopp, Laurent |
author_facet |
Bouttes, Nathaëlle Paillard, Didier Roche, Didier M. Waelbroeck, Claire Kageyama, Masa Lourantou, Anna Michel, Elisabeth Bopp, Laurent |
author_sort |
Bouttes, Nathaëlle |
title |
Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination |
title_short |
Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination |
title_full |
Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination |
title_fullStr |
Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination |
title_sort |
impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination |
publisher |
HAL CCSD |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://hal.science/hal-00753315 https://hal.science/hal-00753315/document https://hal.science/hal-00753315/file/cp-8-149-2012.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic ice core Ice Sheet NADW Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic ice core Ice Sheet NADW Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
ISSN: 1814-9324 EISSN: 1814-9332 Climate of the Past https://hal.science/hal-00753315 Climate of the Past, 2012, 8, pp.149-170. ⟨10.5194/CP-8-149-2012⟩ |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 hal-00753315 https://hal.science/hal-00753315 https://hal.science/hal-00753315/document https://hal.science/hal-00753315/file/cp-8-149-2012.pdf BIBCODE: 2012CliPa.8.149B doi:10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 WOS: 000300878100010 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
149 |
op_container_end_page |
170 |
_version_ |
1802005922991570944 |
spelling |
ftsorbonneuniv:oai:HAL:hal-00753315v1 2024-06-16T07:33:43+00:00 Impact of oceanic processes on the carbon cycle during the last termination Bouttes, Nathaëlle Paillard, Didier Roche, Didier M. Waelbroeck, Claire Kageyama, Masa Lourantou, Anna Michel, Elisabeth Bopp, Laurent NCAS-Climate Reading Department of Meteorology Reading University of Reading (UOR)-University of Reading (UOR) Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE) Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Modélisation du climat (CLIM) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam (VU) Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN) Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)) École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 2012-01 https://hal.science/hal-00753315 https://hal.science/hal-00753315/document https://hal.science/hal-00753315/file/cp-8-149-2012.pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 en eng HAL CCSD European Geosciences Union (EGU) info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 hal-00753315 https://hal.science/hal-00753315 https://hal.science/hal-00753315/document https://hal.science/hal-00753315/file/cp-8-149-2012.pdf BIBCODE: 2012CliPa.8.149B doi:10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 WOS: 000300878100010 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess ISSN: 1814-9324 EISSN: 1814-9332 Climate of the Past https://hal.science/hal-00753315 Climate of the Past, 2012, 8, pp.149-170. ⟨10.5194/CP-8-149-2012⟩ [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal articles 2012 ftsorbonneuniv https://doi.org/10.5194/CP-8-149-2012 2024-05-17T00:00:08Z International audience During the last termination (from ~18 000 years ago to ~9000 years ago), the climate significantly warmed and the ice sheets melted. Simultaneously, atmospheric CO 2 increased from ~190 ppm to ~260 ppm. Although this CO 2 rise plays an important role in the deglacial warming, the reasons for its evolution are difficult to explain. Only box models have been used to run transient simulations of this carbon cycle transition, but by forcing the model with data constrained scenarios of the evolution of temperature, sea level, sea ice, NADW formation, Southern Ocean vertical mixing and biological carbon pump. More complex models (including GCMs) have investigated some of these mechanisms but they have only been used to try and explain LGM versus present day steady-state climates. In this study we use a coupled climate-carbon model of intermediate complexity to explore the role of three oceanic processes in transient simulations: the sinking of brines, stratification-dependent diffusion and iron fertilization. Carbonate compensation is accounted for in these simulations. We show that neither iron fertilization nor the sinking of brines alone can account for the evolution of CO 2 , and that only the combination of the sinking of brines and interactive diffusion can simultaneously simulate the increase in deep Southern Ocean δ 13 C. The scenario that agrees best with the data takes into account all mechanisms and favours a rapid cessation of the sinking of brines around 18 000 years ago, when the Antarctic ice sheet extent was at its maximum. In this scenario, we make the hypothesis that sea ice formation was then shifted to the open ocean where the salty water is quickly mixed with fresher water, which prevents deep sinking of salty water and therefore breaks down the deep stratification and releases carbon from the abyss. Based on this scenario, it is possible to simulate both the amplitude and timing of the long-term CO 2 increase during the last termination in agreement with ice core data. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic ice core Ice Sheet NADW Sea ice Southern Ocean HAL Sorbonne Université Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Climate of the Past 8 1 149 170 |