Illustration of Southern Ocean food-web different pathways.

• Main Authors: José P. Queirós, Renato Borras-Chavez, Noémie Friscourt, Jasmin Groß, Candice B. Lewis, Georgia Mergard, Katie O’Brien
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2024
• Subjects: Microbiology; Ecology; Sociology; Inorganic Chemistry; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; several techniques used; increasing assimilation losses; help us understand; euphausia superba </; employing various methodologies; early career researchers; connecting primary producers; changing nutrient cycles; alternative pathways exist; somewhat extreme environment; antarctic krill (<; smaller phytoplankton species; southern ocean biodiversity; div >< p; areas may play; future studies need; accelerating changes due; southern ocean food; southern ocean; krill species; future studies; pelagic environment; individual species; future impacts; studies revealed; diet studies; webs due; winter season; top predators; stomach contents; short review; short food; review 1; resolution food; recent approaches; predominantly sustained; observations show; microbial levels; major contributors; interdisciplinary collaboration; facing rapid; dominated food; different ways; critical feature; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; Antarc*; Antarctic Krill; Euphausia superba
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000358.g002

Yellow arrows show the long standing short, krill-dominated pathway while red arrows show alternative, but equally important, pathways with other krill, fish, and squid as major links between primary producers and higher-level predators. Myctophid and toothfish drew by Tom Langbehn.