Impacts of Frazil Ice on the Effectiveness of Oil Dispersion and Migration of Dispersed Oil

• Main Authors: Xing Song (5815787), Bing Chen (32669), Bo Liu (127343), Leonard M. Lye (11867631), Xudong Ye (680611), Baafour Nyantekyi-Kwakye (11867634), Baiyu Zhang (6204989)
• Format: Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Biochemistry; Genetics; Ecology; Developmental Biology; Inorganic Chemistry; Virology; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified; hydrolyzed shrimp waste; findings would facilitate; drawn dramatic attention; attenuating water velocity; oil spill response; lower oil bioavailability; dispersed oil encapsulated; dispersed oil; oil dispersion; work explored; thus proposed; recent years; microscopic mechanism; may affect; infested ocean; essential formation; covered regions; corexit 9500a; better understanding; associated behaviors; appropriate usage; appropriate planning; Arctic; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04014.s001

Oil spills in the Arctic have drawn dramatic attention in recent years. Frazil ice, as the essential formation of sea ice, may affect the effectiveness of dispersants during oil spill response and the associated behaviors of dispersed oil. However, these impacts remain poorly understood, limiting the appropriate usage of dispersants in ice-covered regions. Herein this work explored the effects of frazil ice on the dispersion effectiveness of two dispersants (Corexit 9500A and hydrolyzed shrimp waste) and the migration of dispersed oil within frazil ice. We discovered that frazil ice inhibited dispersion effectiveness by attenuating water velocity. Permeable frazil ice encapsulated 11–30% of dispersed oil, implying a lower oil bioavailability. We thus proposed and verified a microscopic mechanism to unravel the migration of dispersed oil toward permeable constrictions in frazil ice. We predicted the concentration of dispersed oil encapsulated in frazil ice using bed filtration theory and verified the prediction through experiments. Furthermore, the presence of frazil ice can lead to the breakup and coalescence of dispersed oil. Overall, our findings would facilitate the appropriate planning and decision-making of dispersant-based oil spill response and a better understanding of the fate of dispersed oil in the frazil ice-infested ocean.