Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx
Introduction: The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddell seals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiov...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Dataset |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573.s003 |
id |
ftsmithonian:oai:figshare.com:article/17119814 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftsmithonian:oai:figshare.com:article/17119814 2023-05-15T18:43:25+02:00 Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx Thomas Kjeld (5685143) Anders Brenøe Isbrand (11787476) Katrine Linnet (11787479) Bo Zerahn (263026) Jens Højberg (11787482) Egon Godthaab Hansen (5770523) Lars Christian Gormsen (8993678) Jacob Bejder (5770538) Thomas Krag (11787485) John Vissing (428273) Hans Erik Bøtker (6834737) Henrik Christian Arendrup (5770526) 2021-12-03T04:37:48Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573.s003 unknown https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Extreme_Hypoxia_Causing_Brady-Arrythmias_During_Apnea_in_Elite_Breath-Hold_Divers_docx/17119814 doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.712573.s003 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Physiology Exercise Physiology Nutritional Physiology Reproduction Cell Physiology Systems Physiology Animal Physiology - Biophysics Animal Physiology - Cell Animal Physiology - Systems Comparative Physiology Physiology not elsewhere classified junctional rhythm brady-arrythmia free-diving invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) atrioventricular block apnea and face immersion bradycardia Dataset 2021 ftsmithonian https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573.s003 2021-12-19T20:15:01Z Introduction: The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddell seals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiovascular adaptions including bradycardia with diving mammals, endure similar desaturation during maximum apnea. We hypothesized that hypoxia causes brady-arrythmias during maximum apnea in elite BHD. Hence, this study aimed to define the arterial blood glucose (Glu), peripheral saturation (SAT), heart rhythm (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of elite BHD during maximum apneas. Methods: HR was monitored with Direct-Current-Pads/ECG-lead-II and MAP and Glu from a radial arterial-catheter in nine BHD performing an immersed and head-down maximal static pool apnea after three warm-up apneas. SAT was monitored with a sensor on the neck of the subjects. On a separate day, a 12-lead-ECG-monitored maximum static apnea was repeated dry (n = 6). Results: During pool apnea of maximum duration (385 ± 70 s), SAT decreased from 99.6 ± 0.5 to 58.5 ± 5.5% (∼PaO 2 4.8 ± 1.5 kPa, P < 0.001), while Glu increased from 5.8 ± 0.2 to 6.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l (P = 0.009). MAP increased from 103 ± 4 to 155 ± 6 mm Hg (P < 0.005). HR decreased to 46 ± 10 from 86 ± 14 beats/minute (P < 0.001). HR and MAP were unchanged after 3–4 min of apnea. During dry apnea (378 ± 31 s), HR decreased from 55 ± 4 to 40 ± 3 beats/minute (P = 0.031). Atrioventricular dissociation and junctional rhythm were observed both during pool and dry apneas. Conclusion: Our findings contrast with previous studies concluding that Glu decreases during apnea diving. We conclude during maximum apnea in elite BHD that (1) the diving reflex is maximized after 3–4 min, (2) increasing Glu may indicate lactate metabolism in accordance with our previous results, and (3) extreme hypoxia rather than hypoglycemia causes brady-arrythmias in elite BHD similar to diving mammals. Dataset Weddell Seals Unknown Weddell |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
ftsmithonian |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Physiology Exercise Physiology Nutritional Physiology Reproduction Cell Physiology Systems Physiology Animal Physiology - Biophysics Animal Physiology - Cell Animal Physiology - Systems Comparative Physiology Physiology not elsewhere classified junctional rhythm brady-arrythmia free-diving invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) atrioventricular block apnea and face immersion bradycardia |
spellingShingle |
Physiology Exercise Physiology Nutritional Physiology Reproduction Cell Physiology Systems Physiology Animal Physiology - Biophysics Animal Physiology - Cell Animal Physiology - Systems Comparative Physiology Physiology not elsewhere classified junctional rhythm brady-arrythmia free-diving invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) atrioventricular block apnea and face immersion bradycardia Thomas Kjeld (5685143) Anders Brenøe Isbrand (11787476) Katrine Linnet (11787479) Bo Zerahn (263026) Jens Højberg (11787482) Egon Godthaab Hansen (5770523) Lars Christian Gormsen (8993678) Jacob Bejder (5770538) Thomas Krag (11787485) John Vissing (428273) Hans Erik Bøtker (6834737) Henrik Christian Arendrup (5770526) Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx |
topic_facet |
Physiology Exercise Physiology Nutritional Physiology Reproduction Cell Physiology Systems Physiology Animal Physiology - Biophysics Animal Physiology - Cell Animal Physiology - Systems Comparative Physiology Physiology not elsewhere classified junctional rhythm brady-arrythmia free-diving invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) atrioventricular block apnea and face immersion bradycardia |
description |
Introduction: The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddell seals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiovascular adaptions including bradycardia with diving mammals, endure similar desaturation during maximum apnea. We hypothesized that hypoxia causes brady-arrythmias during maximum apnea in elite BHD. Hence, this study aimed to define the arterial blood glucose (Glu), peripheral saturation (SAT), heart rhythm (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of elite BHD during maximum apneas. Methods: HR was monitored with Direct-Current-Pads/ECG-lead-II and MAP and Glu from a radial arterial-catheter in nine BHD performing an immersed and head-down maximal static pool apnea after three warm-up apneas. SAT was monitored with a sensor on the neck of the subjects. On a separate day, a 12-lead-ECG-monitored maximum static apnea was repeated dry (n = 6). Results: During pool apnea of maximum duration (385 ± 70 s), SAT decreased from 99.6 ± 0.5 to 58.5 ± 5.5% (∼PaO 2 4.8 ± 1.5 kPa, P < 0.001), while Glu increased from 5.8 ± 0.2 to 6.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l (P = 0.009). MAP increased from 103 ± 4 to 155 ± 6 mm Hg (P < 0.005). HR decreased to 46 ± 10 from 86 ± 14 beats/minute (P < 0.001). HR and MAP were unchanged after 3–4 min of apnea. During dry apnea (378 ± 31 s), HR decreased from 55 ± 4 to 40 ± 3 beats/minute (P = 0.031). Atrioventricular dissociation and junctional rhythm were observed both during pool and dry apneas. Conclusion: Our findings contrast with previous studies concluding that Glu decreases during apnea diving. We conclude during maximum apnea in elite BHD that (1) the diving reflex is maximized after 3–4 min, (2) increasing Glu may indicate lactate metabolism in accordance with our previous results, and (3) extreme hypoxia rather than hypoglycemia causes brady-arrythmias in elite BHD similar to diving mammals. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Thomas Kjeld (5685143) Anders Brenøe Isbrand (11787476) Katrine Linnet (11787479) Bo Zerahn (263026) Jens Højberg (11787482) Egon Godthaab Hansen (5770523) Lars Christian Gormsen (8993678) Jacob Bejder (5770538) Thomas Krag (11787485) John Vissing (428273) Hans Erik Bøtker (6834737) Henrik Christian Arendrup (5770526) |
author_facet |
Thomas Kjeld (5685143) Anders Brenøe Isbrand (11787476) Katrine Linnet (11787479) Bo Zerahn (263026) Jens Højberg (11787482) Egon Godthaab Hansen (5770523) Lars Christian Gormsen (8993678) Jacob Bejder (5770538) Thomas Krag (11787485) John Vissing (428273) Hans Erik Bøtker (6834737) Henrik Christian Arendrup (5770526) |
author_sort |
Thomas Kjeld (5685143) |
title |
Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx |
title_short |
Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx |
title_full |
Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx |
title_fullStr |
Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx |
title_full_unstemmed |
Table_1_Extreme Hypoxia Causing Brady-Arrythmias During Apnea in Elite Breath-Hold Divers.docx |
title_sort |
table_1_extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers.docx |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573.s003 |
geographic |
Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Weddell |
genre |
Weddell Seals |
genre_facet |
Weddell Seals |
op_relation |
https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Extreme_Hypoxia_Causing_Brady-Arrythmias_During_Apnea_in_Elite_Breath-Hold_Divers_docx/17119814 doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.712573.s003 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573.s003 |
_version_ |
1766233802837852160 |