Deactivation kinetics of melanopsin (Opn4) constructs.

• Main Authors: Jeffry I. Fasick (3624569), Haya Algrain (11570761), Courtland Samuels (11570764), Padmanabhan Mahadevan (475388), Lorian E. Schweikert (3624572), Zaid J. Naffaa (11570767), Phyllis R. Robinson (204369)
• Format: Still Image
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Biochemistry; Cell Biology; Molecular Biology; Neuroscience; Evolutionary Biology; Ecology; Virology; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; water &# 8217; serve light detection; retinal ganglion cells; carboxyl terminal domain; available light spectra; marine mammal rhodopsins; thus longer mydriasis; extended pupillary constriction; amino acid substitutions; marine mammal species; div >< p; marine mammals may; marine mammals; pupil constriction; mydriasis occurs; identify substitutions; given species; values tuned; values relative; terrestrial counterparts; terrestrial controls; spectral tuning; spectral sensitivity; solar irradiance; significant change; rod retina; rod monochromacy; results suggest; results show; previous work; prevent photobleaching; orders sirenia; likely involved; infraorder cetacea; highly photosensitive; foraging depths; deactivation kinetics; condition known; cdna sequences; absorbance maxima; Indian; bowhead whale
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257436.g008

A. In vitro Opn4 signaling kinetics based on normalized calcium imaging data of mouse Opn4 (blue trace), West Indian manatee (green trace), bowhead whale (purple trace), and mouse Opn4 lacking CTD phosphorylation sites (mouse phosphonull mutant—red trace). Negative control of untransfected HEK293 cells (orange trace) is shown for comparison. B. Deactivation rates are significantly different between mouse Opn4 and the other three constructs. The rate of deactivation of West Indian manatee Opn4 is more similar to mouse Opn4, while the rate of deactivation of bowhead whale Opn4 is more similar to mouse phosphonull mutant. All rates were compared to the mouse Opn4 deactivation rate. *** and **** correspond to p-values of <0.0005 and <0.0001, respectively. Error bars denote standard error of the mean.