Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV-1) infection causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The virus is also associated with focal melanized changes in white skeletal muscle where PRV-1 infection of macrophages appears to be important. In this study, we stu...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Still Image |
Language: | unknown |
Published: |
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.729017.s003 |
id |
ftsmithonian:oai:figshare.com:article/16625740 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftsmithonian:oai:figshare.com:article/16625740 2023-05-15T15:31:27+02:00 Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg Muhammad Salman Malik (10718217) Ingvild Berg Nyman (10718223) Øystein Wessel (3772264) Maria K. Dahle (7352858) Espen Rimstad (248237) 2021-09-16T04:07:11Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.729017.s003 unknown https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_11_Dynamics_of_Polarized_Macrophages_and_Activated_CD8_Cells_in_Heart_Tissue_of_Atlantic_Salmon_Infected_With_Piscine_Orthoreovirus-1_jpeg/16625740 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.729017.s003 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Immunology Applied Immunology (incl. Antibody Engineering Xenotransplantation and T-cell Therapies) Autoimmunity Cellular Immunology Humoural Immunology and Immunochemistry Immunogenetics (incl. Genetic Immunology) Innate Immunity Transplantation Immunology Tumour Immunology Immunology not elsewhere classified Genetic Immunology Animal Immunology Veterinary Immunology Atlantic salmon cell mediated immunity heart and skeletal muscle inflammation macrophage polarization Piscine orthoreovirus 1 Image Figure 2021 ftsmithonian https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.729017.s003 2021-12-20T02:09:30Z Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV-1) infection causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The virus is also associated with focal melanized changes in white skeletal muscle where PRV-1 infection of macrophages appears to be important. In this study, we studied the macrophage polarization into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes during experimentally induced HSMI. The immune response in heart with HSMI lesions was characterized by CD8 + and MHC-I expressing cells and not by polarized macrophages. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays revealed localization of PRV-1 in a few M1 macrophages in both heart and skeletal muscle. M2 type macrophages were widely scattered in the heart and were more abundant in heart compared to the skeletal muscle. However, the M2 macrophages did not co-stain for PRV-1. There was a strong cellular immune response to the infection in the heart compared to that of the skeletal muscle, seen as increased MHC-I expression, partly in cells also containing PRV-1 RNA, and a high number of cytotoxic CD8 + granzyme producing cells that targeted PRV-1. In skeletal muscle, MHC-I expressing cells and CD8 + cells were dispersed between myocytes, but these cells did not stain for PRV-1. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR complied with the FISH results and confirmed a drop in level of PRV-1 following the cell mediated immune response. Overall, the results indicated that M1 macrophages do not contribute to the initial development of HSMI. However, large numbers of M2 macrophages reside in the heart and may contribute to the subsequent fast recovery following clearance of PRV-1 infection. Still Image Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Unknown |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
ftsmithonian |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Immunology Applied Immunology (incl. Antibody Engineering Xenotransplantation and T-cell Therapies) Autoimmunity Cellular Immunology Humoural Immunology and Immunochemistry Immunogenetics (incl. Genetic Immunology) Innate Immunity Transplantation Immunology Tumour Immunology Immunology not elsewhere classified Genetic Immunology Animal Immunology Veterinary Immunology Atlantic salmon cell mediated immunity heart and skeletal muscle inflammation macrophage polarization Piscine orthoreovirus 1 |
spellingShingle |
Immunology Applied Immunology (incl. Antibody Engineering Xenotransplantation and T-cell Therapies) Autoimmunity Cellular Immunology Humoural Immunology and Immunochemistry Immunogenetics (incl. Genetic Immunology) Innate Immunity Transplantation Immunology Tumour Immunology Immunology not elsewhere classified Genetic Immunology Animal Immunology Veterinary Immunology Atlantic salmon cell mediated immunity heart and skeletal muscle inflammation macrophage polarization Piscine orthoreovirus 1 Muhammad Salman Malik (10718217) Ingvild Berg Nyman (10718223) Øystein Wessel (3772264) Maria K. Dahle (7352858) Espen Rimstad (248237) Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg |
topic_facet |
Immunology Applied Immunology (incl. Antibody Engineering Xenotransplantation and T-cell Therapies) Autoimmunity Cellular Immunology Humoural Immunology and Immunochemistry Immunogenetics (incl. Genetic Immunology) Innate Immunity Transplantation Immunology Tumour Immunology Immunology not elsewhere classified Genetic Immunology Animal Immunology Veterinary Immunology Atlantic salmon cell mediated immunity heart and skeletal muscle inflammation macrophage polarization Piscine orthoreovirus 1 |
description |
Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV-1) infection causes heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The virus is also associated with focal melanized changes in white skeletal muscle where PRV-1 infection of macrophages appears to be important. In this study, we studied the macrophage polarization into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes during experimentally induced HSMI. The immune response in heart with HSMI lesions was characterized by CD8 + and MHC-I expressing cells and not by polarized macrophages. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assays revealed localization of PRV-1 in a few M1 macrophages in both heart and skeletal muscle. M2 type macrophages were widely scattered in the heart and were more abundant in heart compared to the skeletal muscle. However, the M2 macrophages did not co-stain for PRV-1. There was a strong cellular immune response to the infection in the heart compared to that of the skeletal muscle, seen as increased MHC-I expression, partly in cells also containing PRV-1 RNA, and a high number of cytotoxic CD8 + granzyme producing cells that targeted PRV-1. In skeletal muscle, MHC-I expressing cells and CD8 + cells were dispersed between myocytes, but these cells did not stain for PRV-1. Gene expression analysis by RT-qPCR complied with the FISH results and confirmed a drop in level of PRV-1 following the cell mediated immune response. Overall, the results indicated that M1 macrophages do not contribute to the initial development of HSMI. However, large numbers of M2 macrophages reside in the heart and may contribute to the subsequent fast recovery following clearance of PRV-1 infection. |
format |
Still Image |
author |
Muhammad Salman Malik (10718217) Ingvild Berg Nyman (10718223) Øystein Wessel (3772264) Maria K. Dahle (7352858) Espen Rimstad (248237) |
author_facet |
Muhammad Salman Malik (10718217) Ingvild Berg Nyman (10718223) Øystein Wessel (3772264) Maria K. Dahle (7352858) Espen Rimstad (248237) |
author_sort |
Muhammad Salman Malik (10718217) |
title |
Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg |
title_short |
Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg |
title_full |
Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg |
title_fullStr |
Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg |
title_full_unstemmed |
Image_11_Dynamics of Polarized Macrophages and Activated CD8+ Cells in Heart Tissue of Atlantic Salmon Infected With Piscine Orthoreovirus-1.jpeg |
title_sort |
image_11_dynamics of polarized macrophages and activated cd8+ cells in heart tissue of atlantic salmon infected with piscine orthoreovirus-1.jpeg |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.729017.s003 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Image_11_Dynamics_of_Polarized_Macrophages_and_Activated_CD8_Cells_in_Heart_Tissue_of_Atlantic_Salmon_Infected_With_Piscine_Orthoreovirus-1_jpeg/16625740 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.729017.s003 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.729017.s003 |
_version_ |
1766361961623191552 |