Katabatic Wind and Sea–Ice Dynamics Drive Isotopic Variations of Total Gaseous Mercury on the Antarctic Coast

• Main Authors: Ben Yu (2969070), Lin Yang (45852), Hongwei Liu (80414), Ruiqiang Yang (1727455), Jianjie Fu (1592710), Pu Wang (171923), Yingming Li (2208538), Cailing Xiao (10655261), Yong Liang (131898), Ligang Hu (1654795), Qinghua Zhang (145923), Yongguang Yin (1411507), Jianbo Shi (448177), Guibin Jiang (343016)
• Format: Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Cell Biology; Genetics; Physiology; Ecology; Sociology; Inorganic Chemistry; Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified; Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified; Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified; Δ 199 Hg; Antarctic Coast Clarifying; Chinese Great Wall Station; GWS; Hg depletion events; Total Gaseous Mercury; SD; Hg isotopes; TGM Δ 199 Hg; marine surface emissions; Antarctic; Arctic; Austral; Great Wall Station; The Antarctic; Antarc*; Sea ice; Tundra
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c07474.s001

Clarifying the sources and fates of atmospheric mercury (Hg) in the Antarctic is crucial to understand the global Hg circulation and its impacts on the fragile ecosystem of the Antarctic. Herein, the annual variations in the isotopic compositions of total gaseous Hg (TGM), with 5–22 days of sampling duration for each sample, were presented for the first time to provide isotopic evidence of the sources and environmental processes of gaseous Hg around the Chinese Great Wall Station (GWS) in the western Antarctic. Different from the Arctic tundra and lower latitude areas in the northern hemisphere, positive δ 202 Hg (0.58 ± 0.21‰, mean ± 1SD) and negative Δ 199 Hg (−0.30 ± 0.10‰, mean ± 1SD) in TGM at the GWS indicated little impact from the vegetation–air exchange in the Antarctic. Correlations among TGM Δ 199 Hg, air temperature, and ozone concentrations suggested that enhanced katabatic wind that transported inland air masses to the continental margin elevated TGM Δ 199 Hg in the austral winter, while the surrounding marine surface emissions controlled by sea–ice dynamics lowered TGM Δ 199 Hg in the austral summer. The oxidation of Hg(0) might elevate Δ 199 Hg in TGM during atmospheric Hg depletion events but have little impact on the seasonal variations of atmospheric Hg isotopes. The presented atmospheric Hg isotopes were essential to identify the transport and transformation of atmospheric Hg and further understand Hg cycling in the Antarctic.