Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX
The Arctic is undergoing numerous environmental transformations. As a result of rising temperatures and additional freshwater inputs, ice cover is changing, with profound impacts on organisms at the base of food webs and consequently on the entire Arctic ecosystem. Indeed, phytoplankton not only pro...
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ftsmithonian:oai:figshare.com:article/14192042 2023-05-15T14:52:25+02:00 Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX Vincent Marmillot (9912234) Christopher C. Parrish (8847482) Jean-Éric Tremblay (197218) Michel Gosselin (278237) Jenna F. MacKinnon (9912237) 2021-03-10T13:39:18Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.538635.s001 unknown https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Environmental_and_Biological_Determinants_of_Algal_Lipids_in_Western_Arctic_and_Subarctic_Seas_DOCX/14192042 doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.538635.s001 CC BY 4.0 CC-BY Environmental Science Climate Science Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Soil Biology Water Treatment Processes Environmental Engineering Design Environmental Engineering Modelling Environmental Technologies lipids phytoplankton ω3 FA ω6 FA Arctic taxonomy environment Dataset 2021 ftsmithonian https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.538635.s001 2021-03-23T17:02:40Z The Arctic is undergoing numerous environmental transformations. As a result of rising temperatures and additional freshwater inputs, ice cover is changing, with profound impacts on organisms at the base of food webs and consequently on the entire Arctic ecosystem. Indeed, phytoplankton not only provide energy as lipids, but also essential fatty acids (EFA) that animals cannot synthesize and must acquire in their diet. Omega-3 (ω3) and omega-6 (ω6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for the healthy development and function of organisms. The high energy potential of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is of particular importance in cold waters, and various fatty acids including saturated fatty acids (SFA) are involved in organismal responses to environmental stressors. Yet relatively little is known of how variability or change in physicochemical seawater properties (e.g., temperature, light, salinity, pH and nutrients) may affect lipid synthesis in polar environments, either directly, by altering algal physiology, or indirectly, by promoting shifts in phytoplankton species composition. Here we investigated these two possibilities by sampling along a 3,000-km transect spanning 28 degrees of latitude across the subarctic and Arctic domains of Canada. The taxonomic composition of phytoplankton mainly drove the FA profiles measured in particulate organic matter (POM). Strong, positive correlations between 16:1ω7 and diatoms were observed while the proportion of PUFA and ω6 FA increased with flagellate abundance. Among specific FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3) was positively correlated with diatoms but the expected relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3) and dinoflagellates was not observed. Decreasing pH had a negative effect on EPA and MUFA proportions, and DHA proportions tended to decrease with higher temperature. These two effects were primarily driven by differences in phytoplankton assemblage composition. Overall, the results of this geographically extensive study provide new information into the use of lipid markers and the ecological determinants of FA synthesis in the North. It also highlights the importance of long-lived subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers in supplying PUFA-rich POM to the food web and suggests that this situation may persist despite ongoing changes in the physical environment. Dataset Arctic Phytoplankton Subarctic Unknown Arctic Canada |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Unknown |
op_collection_id |
ftsmithonian |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Environmental Science Climate Science Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Soil Biology Water Treatment Processes Environmental Engineering Design Environmental Engineering Modelling Environmental Technologies lipids phytoplankton ω3 FA ω6 FA Arctic taxonomy environment |
spellingShingle |
Environmental Science Climate Science Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Soil Biology Water Treatment Processes Environmental Engineering Design Environmental Engineering Modelling Environmental Technologies lipids phytoplankton ω3 FA ω6 FA Arctic taxonomy environment Vincent Marmillot (9912234) Christopher C. Parrish (8847482) Jean-Éric Tremblay (197218) Michel Gosselin (278237) Jenna F. MacKinnon (9912237) Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX |
topic_facet |
Environmental Science Climate Science Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Management Soil Biology Water Treatment Processes Environmental Engineering Design Environmental Engineering Modelling Environmental Technologies lipids phytoplankton ω3 FA ω6 FA Arctic taxonomy environment |
description |
The Arctic is undergoing numerous environmental transformations. As a result of rising temperatures and additional freshwater inputs, ice cover is changing, with profound impacts on organisms at the base of food webs and consequently on the entire Arctic ecosystem. Indeed, phytoplankton not only provide energy as lipids, but also essential fatty acids (EFA) that animals cannot synthesize and must acquire in their diet. Omega-3 (ω3) and omega-6 (ω6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for the healthy development and function of organisms. The high energy potential of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is of particular importance in cold waters, and various fatty acids including saturated fatty acids (SFA) are involved in organismal responses to environmental stressors. Yet relatively little is known of how variability or change in physicochemical seawater properties (e.g., temperature, light, salinity, pH and nutrients) may affect lipid synthesis in polar environments, either directly, by altering algal physiology, or indirectly, by promoting shifts in phytoplankton species composition. Here we investigated these two possibilities by sampling along a 3,000-km transect spanning 28 degrees of latitude across the subarctic and Arctic domains of Canada. The taxonomic composition of phytoplankton mainly drove the FA profiles measured in particulate organic matter (POM). Strong, positive correlations between 16:1ω7 and diatoms were observed while the proportion of PUFA and ω6 FA increased with flagellate abundance. Among specific FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3) was positively correlated with diatoms but the expected relationship between docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3) and dinoflagellates was not observed. Decreasing pH had a negative effect on EPA and MUFA proportions, and DHA proportions tended to decrease with higher temperature. These two effects were primarily driven by differences in phytoplankton assemblage composition. Overall, the results of this geographically extensive study provide new information into the use of lipid markers and the ecological determinants of FA synthesis in the North. It also highlights the importance of long-lived subsurface chlorophyll maximum layers in supplying PUFA-rich POM to the food web and suggests that this situation may persist despite ongoing changes in the physical environment. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Vincent Marmillot (9912234) Christopher C. Parrish (8847482) Jean-Éric Tremblay (197218) Michel Gosselin (278237) Jenna F. MacKinnon (9912237) |
author_facet |
Vincent Marmillot (9912234) Christopher C. Parrish (8847482) Jean-Éric Tremblay (197218) Michel Gosselin (278237) Jenna F. MacKinnon (9912237) |
author_sort |
Vincent Marmillot (9912234) |
title |
Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX |
title_short |
Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX |
title_full |
Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX |
title_fullStr |
Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX |
title_full_unstemmed |
Table_1_Environmental and Biological Determinants of Algal Lipids in Western Arctic and Subarctic Seas.DOCX |
title_sort |
table_1_environmental and biological determinants of algal lipids in western arctic and subarctic seas.docx |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.538635.s001 |
geographic |
Arctic Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada |
genre |
Arctic Phytoplankton Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic Phytoplankton Subarctic |
op_relation |
https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Table_1_Environmental_and_Biological_Determinants_of_Algal_Lipids_in_Western_Arctic_and_Subarctic_Seas_DOCX/14192042 doi:10.3389/fenvs.2020.538635.s001 |
op_rights |
CC BY 4.0 |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.538635.s001 |
_version_ |
1766323663677685760 |