Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines
The negative effects of hydroelectric power (HEP) on salmonid populations has long been recognized and studied. Downstream passage through turbines may potentially constitute a significant source of mortality for both juvenile and adult fish in regulated rivers. Numerical models have been developed...
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ftslunivuppsala:oai:pub.epsilon.slu.se:18693 2023-05-15T15:32:04+02:00 Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines Vikström, Linda Leonardsson, Kjell Leander, Johan Shry, Samuel Calles, Olle Hellström, Gustav 2020 application/pdf https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/18693/ https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/18693/1/vikstrom_l_et_al_201118.pdf en eng eng https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/18693/1/vikstrom_l_et_al_201118.pdf Vikström, Linda and Leonardsson, Kjell and Leander, Johan and Shry, Samuel and Calles, Olle and Hellström, Gustav (2020). Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines. Sustainability. 12 , 6384 [Research article] Fish and Aquacultural Science Ecology Research article NonPeerReviewed 2020 ftslunivuppsala 2022-01-09T19:15:44Z The negative effects of hydroelectric power (HEP) on salmonid populations has long been recognized and studied. Downstream passage through turbines may potentially constitute a significant source of mortality for both juvenile and adult fish in regulated rivers. Numerical models have been developed to calculate turbine passage mortality based on the probability of collision with the turbine blades, but although widely used in management and conservation, their performance is rarely validated in terms of the accuracy and bias of the mortality estimates. In this study, we evaluated commonly used blade strike models for Kaplan and Francis turbines by comparing model predictions with observed passage mortalities for juvenile 13-27 cm and adult 52-94 cm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) and anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.) acquired by acoustic telemetry. Predictions made for juveniles aligned closer with observed mortality for both Kaplan and Francis turbines (within 1-3% percentage points). However, the model severely underestimated the mortality of adult fish passing through Francis turbines, with up to 50% percentage points difference between predicted and observed mortalities. Furthermore, the model did not capture a clear negative correlation between mortality and discharge observed for salmon between 50-60 cm (grilse). We concluded that blade strike models are a useful tool for quantifying passage mortality for salmonid smolts passing large, high-head turbines, but that the same models should be used with care when trying to estimate the passage mortality of kelts in iteroparous populations. We also concluded that the major cause of passage mortality for juveniles is injury by collision with the turbine blade, but that other factors seem to contribute substantially to the passage mortality of kelts. Our study reports low mortality for smolts up to 27 cm passing through Kaplan and Francis turbines (0-12%), but high mortality for salmon over 50 cm passing though Francis turbines (56-81%). Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU): Epsilon Open Archive |
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Open Polar |
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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU): Epsilon Open Archive |
op_collection_id |
ftslunivuppsala |
language |
English |
topic |
Fish and Aquacultural Science Ecology |
spellingShingle |
Fish and Aquacultural Science Ecology Vikström, Linda Leonardsson, Kjell Leander, Johan Shry, Samuel Calles, Olle Hellström, Gustav Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
topic_facet |
Fish and Aquacultural Science Ecology |
description |
The negative effects of hydroelectric power (HEP) on salmonid populations has long been recognized and studied. Downstream passage through turbines may potentially constitute a significant source of mortality for both juvenile and adult fish in regulated rivers. Numerical models have been developed to calculate turbine passage mortality based on the probability of collision with the turbine blades, but although widely used in management and conservation, their performance is rarely validated in terms of the accuracy and bias of the mortality estimates. In this study, we evaluated commonly used blade strike models for Kaplan and Francis turbines by comparing model predictions with observed passage mortalities for juvenile 13-27 cm and adult 52-94 cm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.) and anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.) acquired by acoustic telemetry. Predictions made for juveniles aligned closer with observed mortality for both Kaplan and Francis turbines (within 1-3% percentage points). However, the model severely underestimated the mortality of adult fish passing through Francis turbines, with up to 50% percentage points difference between predicted and observed mortalities. Furthermore, the model did not capture a clear negative correlation between mortality and discharge observed for salmon between 50-60 cm (grilse). We concluded that blade strike models are a useful tool for quantifying passage mortality for salmonid smolts passing large, high-head turbines, but that the same models should be used with care when trying to estimate the passage mortality of kelts in iteroparous populations. We also concluded that the major cause of passage mortality for juveniles is injury by collision with the turbine blade, but that other factors seem to contribute substantially to the passage mortality of kelts. Our study reports low mortality for smolts up to 27 cm passing through Kaplan and Francis turbines (0-12%), but high mortality for salmon over 50 cm passing though Francis turbines (56-81%). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Vikström, Linda Leonardsson, Kjell Leander, Johan Shry, Samuel Calles, Olle Hellström, Gustav |
author_facet |
Vikström, Linda Leonardsson, Kjell Leander, Johan Shry, Samuel Calles, Olle Hellström, Gustav |
author_sort |
Vikström, Linda |
title |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_short |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_full |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_fullStr |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_full_unstemmed |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_sort |
validation of francis–kaplan turbine blade strike models for adult and juvenile atlantic salmon (salmo salar, l.) and anadromous brown trout (salmo trutta, l.) passing high head turbines |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/18693/ https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/18693/1/vikstrom_l_et_al_201118.pdf |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/18693/1/vikstrom_l_et_al_201118.pdf Vikström, Linda and Leonardsson, Kjell and Leander, Johan and Shry, Samuel and Calles, Olle and Hellström, Gustav (2020). Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines. Sustainability. 12 , 6384 [Research article] |
_version_ |
1766362568059781120 |