Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland
Iceland has about 22,000 km2 of sandy deserts that are a major source of atmospheric dust. Icelandic dust is mostly basaltic volcanic glass, which is rather unique for global dust sources. The dust comes mostly from two sources: confined plume areas and extensive sandy deserts. Major plume sources a...
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ftskemman:oai:skemman.is:1946/19921 2023-05-15T16:47:44+02:00 Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland Ólafur Arnalds 1954- Landbúnaðarháskóli Íslands 2010 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19921 en eng http://www.ias.is/landbunadur/wgsamvef.nsf/Attachment/IAS10_OlafurArnalds/$file/IAS10_OlafurArnalds.pdf Icelandic agricultural sciences 23, 3-21 1670-567x http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19921 Veðrun Landeyðing Article 2010 ftskemman 2022-12-11T06:53:52Z Iceland has about 22,000 km2 of sandy deserts that are a major source of atmospheric dust. Icelandic dust is mostly basaltic volcanic glass, which is rather unique for global dust sources. The dust comes mostly from two sources: confined plume areas and extensive sandy deserts. Major plume sources are identified by field observations and satellite images, while Icelandic sandy deserts have been mapped. Measured erosion fluxes commonly reach 500 to > 2,000 kg m-1 day-1 during storms. A map showing major plume areas and their deposition areas and a map showing deposition from sandy areas are produced and subsequently combined to obtain an overview of aeolian deposition in Iceland. Deposition rates range from < 25 g m-2 yr-1 far from aeolian sources to > 500 g m-2 yr-1 near or within major sandy areas. These numbers are higher than deposition rates reported for other major global dust areas. The spatial distribution of aeolian deposition has a key influence on important soil parameters, such as clay content and organic matter. Áfok er gríðarlega mikið á Íslandi. Uppruna þess má að stórum hluta rekja til afmarkaðra svæða, strókasvæða, en einnig til víðáttumikilla sandauðna. Strókasvæðin voru meðal annars ákvörðuð með hjálp gervihnattamynda, en sandsvæðin hafa þegar verið kortlögð. Meðal virkustu strókasvæðanna eru Dyngjusandur, Hagavatn, Landeyjarsandur og Skeiðarársandur. Sandfok á sandauðnum er oft >500 kg m-1 dag-1, það er meira en hálft tonn fýkur yfir eins metra breiða línu. Minna er vitað um uppfok (kg m-2) sem verður að ryki í andrúmsloftinu, en það nemur líklega 0,01 to 5 kg m-2 í hverjum stormi eftir aðstæðum. Áfokið á land er með því mesta sem þekkist á jörðinni (<25 to >500 g m-2 ári-1). Jafnframt er efnasamsetning áfoksins sérstök og efnin veðrast auðveldlega. Áfok hefur mikil áhrif á íslensk vistkerfi á landi og trúlega langt á haf út. Mikilvægir eiginleikar jarðvegs, t.d. hlutfall leirs og kolefnis, mótast af hraða og grófleika áfoks. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Skemman (Iceland) Haf ENVELOPE(-19.699,-19.699,64.145,64.145) Hjálp ENVELOPE(-19.857,-19.857,64.113,64.113) Skeiðarársandur ENVELOPE(-17.370,-17.370,63.848,63.848) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Skemman (Iceland) |
op_collection_id |
ftskemman |
language |
English |
topic |
Veðrun Landeyðing |
spellingShingle |
Veðrun Landeyðing Ólafur Arnalds 1954- Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland |
topic_facet |
Veðrun Landeyðing |
description |
Iceland has about 22,000 km2 of sandy deserts that are a major source of atmospheric dust. Icelandic dust is mostly basaltic volcanic glass, which is rather unique for global dust sources. The dust comes mostly from two sources: confined plume areas and extensive sandy deserts. Major plume sources are identified by field observations and satellite images, while Icelandic sandy deserts have been mapped. Measured erosion fluxes commonly reach 500 to > 2,000 kg m-1 day-1 during storms. A map showing major plume areas and their deposition areas and a map showing deposition from sandy areas are produced and subsequently combined to obtain an overview of aeolian deposition in Iceland. Deposition rates range from < 25 g m-2 yr-1 far from aeolian sources to > 500 g m-2 yr-1 near or within major sandy areas. These numbers are higher than deposition rates reported for other major global dust areas. The spatial distribution of aeolian deposition has a key influence on important soil parameters, such as clay content and organic matter. Áfok er gríðarlega mikið á Íslandi. Uppruna þess má að stórum hluta rekja til afmarkaðra svæða, strókasvæða, en einnig til víðáttumikilla sandauðna. Strókasvæðin voru meðal annars ákvörðuð með hjálp gervihnattamynda, en sandsvæðin hafa þegar verið kortlögð. Meðal virkustu strókasvæðanna eru Dyngjusandur, Hagavatn, Landeyjarsandur og Skeiðarársandur. Sandfok á sandauðnum er oft >500 kg m-1 dag-1, það er meira en hálft tonn fýkur yfir eins metra breiða línu. Minna er vitað um uppfok (kg m-2) sem verður að ryki í andrúmsloftinu, en það nemur líklega 0,01 to 5 kg m-2 í hverjum stormi eftir aðstæðum. Áfokið á land er með því mesta sem þekkist á jörðinni (<25 to >500 g m-2 ári-1). Jafnframt er efnasamsetning áfoksins sérstök og efnin veðrast auðveldlega. Áfok hefur mikil áhrif á íslensk vistkerfi á landi og trúlega langt á haf út. Mikilvægir eiginleikar jarðvegs, t.d. hlutfall leirs og kolefnis, mótast af hraða og grófleika áfoks. |
author2 |
Landbúnaðarháskóli Íslands |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ólafur Arnalds 1954- |
author_facet |
Ólafur Arnalds 1954- |
author_sort |
Ólafur Arnalds 1954- |
title |
Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland |
title_short |
Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland |
title_full |
Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in Iceland |
title_sort |
dust sources and deposition of aeolian materials in iceland |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19921 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-19.699,-19.699,64.145,64.145) ENVELOPE(-19.857,-19.857,64.113,64.113) ENVELOPE(-17.370,-17.370,63.848,63.848) |
geographic |
Haf Hjálp Skeiðarársandur |
geographic_facet |
Haf Hjálp Skeiðarársandur |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
http://www.ias.is/landbunadur/wgsamvef.nsf/Attachment/IAS10_OlafurArnalds/$file/IAS10_OlafurArnalds.pdf Icelandic agricultural sciences 23, 3-21 1670-567x http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19921 |
_version_ |
1766037840327606272 |