New arthropod herbivores on trees and shrubs in Iceland and changes in pest dynamics: A review

• Main Authors: Guðmundur Halldórsson 1952-, Bjarni Diðrik Sigurðsson 1966-, Brynja Hrafnkelsdóttir 1982-, Edda Sigurdís Oddsdóttir 1971-, Ólafur Eggertsson 1964-, Erling Ólafsson 1949-
• Other Authors: Landbúnaðarháskóli Íslands
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: Skógrækt; Meindýr; Iceland
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/1946/19752

This paper is a review of the history of the introduction of arthropod herbivore species to Iceland since the beginning of the 20th century. A total of 27 new arthropod herbivore species on trees and shrubs have become established in Iceland during this period. One of the introduced pest species, the pine woolly aphid, has been considered to be the major cause of the almost total eradication of the introduced Scots pine in Iceland. The rate of introduction was found to be highest during warm periods. Outbreaks of pests in birch woodlands were also found to be most severe during warm periods. Other pest species have shown changes in outbreak patterns since 1990. The consequences of these findings for isolated native forest ecosystems and a growing forest resource in Iceland are discussed. Nýjar tegundir liðfætlna á trjám og runnum á Íslandi Í þessari grein er rakin landnámssaga nýrra liðdýrategunda sem lifa á trjám og runnum á Íslandi. Frá byrjun tuttugustu aldar til ársins 2012 hafa alls 27 slíkar tegundir numið hér land. Ein þessara tegunda, furulús, er talin hafa verið meginorsakavaldur að dauða nær allrar skógarfuru hér á landi. Hraði landnáms reyndist vera mestur á hlýskeiðum og skordýrafaraldrar í birkiskógum reyndust einnig vera mestir á hlýskeiðum. Eftir 1990 hafa orðið verulegar breytingar á faraldsfræði annarra meindýra í skógum hér á landi. Í greininni er fjallað um hugsanleg áhrif nýrra meindýra og breytinga á faraldsfræði meindýra á innlend skógarvistkerfi og vaxandi skógarauðlindir landsins.