The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry
The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter that flew over Antarctica in 2012. We describe the experiment's optical system, receiver, and polarimetric approach and report on their in-flight performance. EBEX had three frequency b...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/111372 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae434 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03847 |
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ftsissa:oai:iris.sissa.it:20.500.11767/111372 2023-05-15T14:06:27+02:00 The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry Aboobaker, A. M. Ade, P. Araujo, D. Aubin, F. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, C. Chapman, D. Didier, J. Dobbs, M. Geach, C. Grainger, W. Hanany, S. Helson, K. Hillbrand, S. Hubmayr, J. Jaffe, A. Johnson, B. Jones, T. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. Lee, A. Levinson, L. Limon, M. Macdermid, K. Matsumura, T. Miller, A. D. Milligan, M. Raach, K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, B. Sagiv, I. Savini, G. Spencer, L. Tucker, C. Tucker, G. S. Westbrook, B. Young, K. Zilic, K. Aboobaker, A. M. Ade, P. Araujo, D. Aubin, F. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, C. Chapman, D. Didier, J. Dobbs, M. Geach, C. Grainger, W. Hanany, S. Helson, K. Hillbrand, S. Hubmayr, J. Jaffe, A. Johnson, B. Jones, T. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. Lee, A. Levinson, L. Limon, M. Macdermid, K. Matsumura, T. Miller, A. D. Milligan, M. Raach, K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, B. Sagiv, I. Savini, G. Spencer, L. Tucker, C. Tucker, G. S. Westbrook, B. Young, K. Zilic, K. 2018 https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/111372 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae434 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03847 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000449417400005 volume:239 issue:1 firstpage:1 lastpage:25 numberofpages:25 journal:ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/687312 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/111372 doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aae434 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85057867292 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03847 balloon cosmic background radiation cosmology: observation instrumentation: polarimeter polarization Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2018 ftsissa https://doi.org/20.500.11767/11137210.3847/1538-4365/aae434 2023-03-21T23:26:07Z The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter that flew over Antarctica in 2012. We describe the experiment's optical system, receiver, and polarimetric approach and report on their in-flight performance. EBEX had three frequency bands centered on 150, 250, and 410 GHz. To make efficient use of limited mass and space, we designed a 115 cm2 sr high-throughput optical system that had two ambient temperature mirrors and four antireflection-coated polyethylene lenses per focal plane. All frequency bands shared the same optical train. Polarimetry was achieved with a continuously rotating achromatic half-wave plate (AHWP) that was levitated with a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB). This is the first use of an SMB in astrophysics. Rotation stability was 0.45% over a period of 10 hr, and angular position accuracy was 0.°01. The measured modulation efficiency was above 90% for all bands. To our knowledge the 109% fractional bandwidth of the AHWP was the broadest implemented to date. The receiver, composed of one lens and the AHWP at a temperature of 4 K, the polarizing grid and other lenses at 1 K, and the two focal planes at 0.25 K, performed according to specifications, giving focal plane temperature stability with a fluctuation power spectrum that had a 1/f knee at 2 mHz. EBEX was the first balloon-borne instrument to implement technologies characteristic of modern CMB polarimeters, including high-throughput optical systems, and large arrays of transition edge sensor bolometric detectors with multiplexed readouts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste: SISSA Digital Library (SDL) The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 239 1 7 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste: SISSA Digital Library (SDL) |
op_collection_id |
ftsissa |
language |
English |
topic |
balloon cosmic background radiation cosmology: observation instrumentation: polarimeter polarization Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica |
spellingShingle |
balloon cosmic background radiation cosmology: observation instrumentation: polarimeter polarization Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica Aboobaker, A. M. Ade, P. Araujo, D. Aubin, F. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, C. Chapman, D. Didier, J. Dobbs, M. Geach, C. Grainger, W. Hanany, S. Helson, K. Hillbrand, S. Hubmayr, J. Jaffe, A. Johnson, B. Jones, T. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. Lee, A. Levinson, L. Limon, M. Macdermid, K. Matsumura, T. Miller, A. D. Milligan, M. Raach, K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, B. Sagiv, I. Savini, G. Spencer, L. Tucker, C. Tucker, G. S. Westbrook, B. Young, K. Zilic, K. The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry |
topic_facet |
balloon cosmic background radiation cosmology: observation instrumentation: polarimeter polarization Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica |
description |
The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter that flew over Antarctica in 2012. We describe the experiment's optical system, receiver, and polarimetric approach and report on their in-flight performance. EBEX had three frequency bands centered on 150, 250, and 410 GHz. To make efficient use of limited mass and space, we designed a 115 cm2 sr high-throughput optical system that had two ambient temperature mirrors and four antireflection-coated polyethylene lenses per focal plane. All frequency bands shared the same optical train. Polarimetry was achieved with a continuously rotating achromatic half-wave plate (AHWP) that was levitated with a superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB). This is the first use of an SMB in astrophysics. Rotation stability was 0.45% over a period of 10 hr, and angular position accuracy was 0.°01. The measured modulation efficiency was above 90% for all bands. To our knowledge the 109% fractional bandwidth of the AHWP was the broadest implemented to date. The receiver, composed of one lens and the AHWP at a temperature of 4 K, the polarizing grid and other lenses at 1 K, and the two focal planes at 0.25 K, performed according to specifications, giving focal plane temperature stability with a fluctuation power spectrum that had a 1/f knee at 2 mHz. EBEX was the first balloon-borne instrument to implement technologies characteristic of modern CMB polarimeters, including high-throughput optical systems, and large arrays of transition edge sensor bolometric detectors with multiplexed readouts. |
author2 |
Aboobaker, A. M. Ade, P. Araujo, D. Aubin, F. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, C. Chapman, D. Didier, J. Dobbs, M. Geach, C. Grainger, W. Hanany, S. Helson, K. Hillbrand, S. Hubmayr, J. Jaffe, A. Johnson, B. Jones, T. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. Lee, A. Levinson, L. Limon, M. Macdermid, K. Matsumura, T. Miller, A. D. Milligan, M. Raach, K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, B. Sagiv, I. Savini, G. Spencer, L. Tucker, C. Tucker, G. S. Westbrook, B. Young, K. Zilic, K. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Aboobaker, A. M. Ade, P. Araujo, D. Aubin, F. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, C. Chapman, D. Didier, J. Dobbs, M. Geach, C. Grainger, W. Hanany, S. Helson, K. Hillbrand, S. Hubmayr, J. Jaffe, A. Johnson, B. Jones, T. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. Lee, A. Levinson, L. Limon, M. Macdermid, K. Matsumura, T. Miller, A. D. Milligan, M. Raach, K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, B. Sagiv, I. Savini, G. Spencer, L. Tucker, C. Tucker, G. S. Westbrook, B. Young, K. Zilic, K. |
author_facet |
Aboobaker, A. M. Ade, P. Araujo, D. Aubin, F. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, C. Chapman, D. Didier, J. Dobbs, M. Geach, C. Grainger, W. Hanany, S. Helson, K. Hillbrand, S. Hubmayr, J. Jaffe, A. Johnson, B. Jones, T. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. Lee, A. Levinson, L. Limon, M. Macdermid, K. Matsumura, T. Miller, A. D. Milligan, M. Raach, K. Reichborn-Kjennerud, B. Sagiv, I. Savini, G. Spencer, L. Tucker, C. Tucker, G. S. Westbrook, B. Young, K. Zilic, K. |
author_sort |
Aboobaker, A. M. |
title |
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry |
title_short |
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry |
title_full |
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry |
title_fullStr |
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry |
title_full_unstemmed |
The EBEX Balloon-borne Experiment - Optics, Receiver, and Polarimetry |
title_sort |
ebex balloon-borne experiment - optics, receiver, and polarimetry |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/111372 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aae434 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03847 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000449417400005 volume:239 issue:1 firstpage:1 lastpage:25 numberofpages:25 journal:ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/687312 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11767/111372 doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aae434 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85057867292 https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.03847 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/20.500.11767/11137210.3847/1538-4365/aae434 |
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