Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013
The Barents Sea (BS) is a high-latitude shelf ecosystem with important fisheries, high and historically variable harvesting pressure, and ongoing high variability in climatic conditions. To quantify carbon flow pathways and assess if changes in harvesting intensity and climate variability have affec...
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3018731 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.732637 |
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ftsintef:oai:sintef.brage.unit.no:11250/3018731 2023-05-15T15:01:58+02:00 Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013 Pedersen, Torstein Mikkelsen, Nina Lindstrøm, Ulf Renaud, Paul Eric Nascimento, Marcela C. Blanchet, Marie-Anne Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Jørgensen, Lis L. Blanchet, Hugues 2021 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3018731 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.732637 eng eng Frontiers Norges forskningsråd: 276730 Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021, 8 1-22. urn:issn:2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3018731 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.732637 cristin:1947911 Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright © 2021 Pedersen, Mikkelsen, Lindstrøm, Renaud, Nascimento, Blanchet, Ellingsen, Jørgensen and Blanchet. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY 1-22 8 Frontiers in Marine Science primary production variability food web sequential depletion environmental drivers trophic flows mass-balance modeling ecosystem dynamics Peer reviewed Journal article 2021 ftsintef https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.732637 2022-09-21T22:42:40Z The Barents Sea (BS) is a high-latitude shelf ecosystem with important fisheries, high and historically variable harvesting pressure, and ongoing high variability in climatic conditions. To quantify carbon flow pathways and assess if changes in harvesting intensity and climate variability have affected the BS ecosystem, we modeled the ecosystem for the period 1950–2013 using a highly trophically resolved mass-balanced food web model (Ecopath with Ecosim). Ecosim models were fitted to time series of biomasses and catches, and were forced by environmental variables and fisheries mortality. The effects on ecosystem dynamics by the drivers fishing mortality, primary production proxies related to open-water area and capelin-larvae mortality proxy, were evaluated. During the period 1970–1990, the ecosystem was in a phase of overexploitation with low top-predators’ biomasses and some trophic cascade effects and increases in prey stocks. Despite heavy exploitation of some groups, the basic ecosystem structure seems to have been preserved. After 1990, when the harvesting pressure was relaxed, most exploited boreal groups recovered with increased biomass, well-captured by the fitted Ecosim model. These biomass increases were likely driven by an increase in primary production resulting from warming and a decrease in ice-coverage. During the warm period that started about 1995, some unexploited Arctic groups decreased whereas krill and jellyfish groups increased. Only the latter trend was successfully predicted by the Ecosim model. The krill flow pathway was identified as especially important as it supplied both medium and high trophic level compartments, and this pathway became even more important after ca. 2000. The modeling results revealed complex interplay between fishery and variability of lower trophic level groups that differs between the boreal and arctic functional groups and has importance for ecosystem management. publishedVersion Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Barents Sea SINTEF Open (Brage) Arctic Barents Sea Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
SINTEF Open (Brage) |
op_collection_id |
ftsintef |
language |
English |
topic |
primary production variability food web sequential depletion environmental drivers trophic flows mass-balance modeling ecosystem dynamics |
spellingShingle |
primary production variability food web sequential depletion environmental drivers trophic flows mass-balance modeling ecosystem dynamics Pedersen, Torstein Mikkelsen, Nina Lindstrøm, Ulf Renaud, Paul Eric Nascimento, Marcela C. Blanchet, Marie-Anne Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Jørgensen, Lis L. Blanchet, Hugues Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013 |
topic_facet |
primary production variability food web sequential depletion environmental drivers trophic flows mass-balance modeling ecosystem dynamics |
description |
The Barents Sea (BS) is a high-latitude shelf ecosystem with important fisheries, high and historically variable harvesting pressure, and ongoing high variability in climatic conditions. To quantify carbon flow pathways and assess if changes in harvesting intensity and climate variability have affected the BS ecosystem, we modeled the ecosystem for the period 1950–2013 using a highly trophically resolved mass-balanced food web model (Ecopath with Ecosim). Ecosim models were fitted to time series of biomasses and catches, and were forced by environmental variables and fisheries mortality. The effects on ecosystem dynamics by the drivers fishing mortality, primary production proxies related to open-water area and capelin-larvae mortality proxy, were evaluated. During the period 1970–1990, the ecosystem was in a phase of overexploitation with low top-predators’ biomasses and some trophic cascade effects and increases in prey stocks. Despite heavy exploitation of some groups, the basic ecosystem structure seems to have been preserved. After 1990, when the harvesting pressure was relaxed, most exploited boreal groups recovered with increased biomass, well-captured by the fitted Ecosim model. These biomass increases were likely driven by an increase in primary production resulting from warming and a decrease in ice-coverage. During the warm period that started about 1995, some unexploited Arctic groups decreased whereas krill and jellyfish groups increased. Only the latter trend was successfully predicted by the Ecosim model. The krill flow pathway was identified as especially important as it supplied both medium and high trophic level compartments, and this pathway became even more important after ca. 2000. The modeling results revealed complex interplay between fishery and variability of lower trophic level groups that differs between the boreal and arctic functional groups and has importance for ecosystem management. publishedVersion |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pedersen, Torstein Mikkelsen, Nina Lindstrøm, Ulf Renaud, Paul Eric Nascimento, Marcela C. Blanchet, Marie-Anne Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Jørgensen, Lis L. Blanchet, Hugues |
author_facet |
Pedersen, Torstein Mikkelsen, Nina Lindstrøm, Ulf Renaud, Paul Eric Nascimento, Marcela C. Blanchet, Marie-Anne Ellingsen, Ingrid H. Jørgensen, Lis L. Blanchet, Hugues |
author_sort |
Pedersen, Torstein |
title |
Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013 |
title_short |
Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013 |
title_full |
Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013 |
title_fullStr |
Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Overexploitation, Recovery, and Warming of the Barents Sea Ecosystem During 1950–2013 |
title_sort |
overexploitation, recovery, and warming of the barents sea ecosystem during 1950–2013 |
publisher |
Frontiers |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3018731 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.732637 |
geographic |
Arctic Barents Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea |
genre |
Arctic Barents Sea |
genre_facet |
Arctic Barents Sea |
op_source |
1-22 8 Frontiers in Marine Science |
op_relation |
Norges forskningsråd: 276730 Frontiers in Marine Science. 2021, 8 1-22. urn:issn:2296-7745 https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3018731 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.732637 cristin:1947911 |
op_rights |
Navngivelse 4.0 Internasjonal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.no Copyright © 2021 Pedersen, Mikkelsen, Lindstrøm, Renaud, Nascimento, Blanchet, Ellingsen, Jørgensen and Blanchet. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.732637 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766333977102123008 |