| Summary: | This report reviews state-of-the-art on thermal energy systems for neighbourhoods. Main focus is on technologies related to 4th generation district heating (4GDH), biomass combined heat and power (CHP) systems, ground source heat pumps (GSHP) and seasonal heat storage. See the Executive Summary for a thorough overview. Acknowledgement. This report has been written within the Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities (FME ZEN). The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Research Council of Norway, the municipalities of Oslo, Bergen, Trondheim, Bodø, Bærum, Elverum and Steinkjer, Sør-Trøndelag county, Norwegian Directorate for Public Construction and Property Management, Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, Norwegian Building Authority, ByBo, Elverum Tomteselskap, TOBB, Snøhetta, ÅF Engineering AS , Asplan Viak, Multiconsult, Sweco, Civitas, FutureBuilt, Hunton, Moelven, Norcem, Skanska, GK, Caverion, Nord-Trøndelag Elektrisitetsverk - Energi, Numascale, Smart Grid Services Cluster, Statkraft Varme, Energy Norway and Norsk Fjernvarme. publishedVersion
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