Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants
Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
2021
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/ http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/1/1-s2.0-S0140673621013301-main.pdf |
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ftshahrekordunms:oai:eprints.skums.ac.ir:9230 |
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openpolar |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Shahrekord University Of Medical Sciences: Research information management system |
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ftshahrekordunms |
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English |
topic |
WA. 900 Vital Statistics |
spellingShingle |
WA. 900 Vital Statistics Zhou, Bin Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Riley, Leanne M. Paciorek, Christopher J. Stevens, Gretchen A. Gregg, Edward W. Bennett, James E. Solomon, Bethlehem Singleton, Rosie K. Sophiea, Marisa K. Iurilli, Maria L. C. Lhoste, Victor P. F. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Woodward, Mark Balanova, Yulia Cifkova, Renata Damasceno, Albertino Elliott, Paul Farzadfar, Farshad He, Jiang Ikeda, Nayu Kengne, Andre P. Khang, Young-Ho Kim, Hyeon Chang Laxmaiah, Avula Lin, Hsien-Ho Margozzini Maira, Paula Miranda, J. Jaime Neuhauser, Hannelore Sundstrom, Johan Varghese, Cherian Widyahening, Indah S. Zdrojewski, Tomasz Ezzati, Majid Abarca-Gomez, Leandra Abdeen, Ziad A. Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adams, Robert J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Afsana, Kaosar Afzal, Shoaib Agdeppa, Imelda A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadizar, Fariba Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahrens, Wolfgang Ajlouni, Kamel Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alarouj, Monira AlBuhairan, Fadia AlDhukair, Shahla Ali, Mohamed M. Alkandari, Abdullah Alkerwi, Ala'a Allin, Kristine Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amougou, Norbert Amouyel, Philippe Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Ansong, Daniel Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araujo, Joana Ariansen, Inger Aris, Tahir Arku, Raphael E. Arlappa, Nimmathota Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F. Auvinen, Juha Avdicova, Maria Azevedo, Ana Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen Azizi, Fereidoun Azmin, Mehrdad Babu, Bontha V. Bahijri, Suhad Balakrishna, Nagalla Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej Banadinovic, Maja Bandosz, Piotr Banegas, Jose R. Baran, Joanna Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Barkat, Amina Barreto, Marta Barros, Aluisio J. D. Gomes Barros, Mauro Virgilio Bartosiewicz, Anna Basit, Abdul Bastos, Joao Luiz D. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batyrbek, Assembekov Baur, Louise A. Beaglehole, Robert Belavendra, Antonisamy Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benet, Mikhail Benson, Lowell S. Berkinbayev, Salim Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bettiol, Heloisa Bezerra, Jorge Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bhargava, Santosh K. Bia, Daniel Biasch, Katia Lele, Elysee Claude Bika Bikbov, Mukharram M. Bista, Bihungum Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Bloch, Katia V. Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boeing, Heiner Boggia, Jose G. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bojesen, Stig E. Bongard, Vanina Bonilla-Vargas, Alice Bopp, Matthias Borghs, Herman Bovet, Pascal Boyer, Christopher B. Braeckman, Lutgart Brajkovich, Imperia Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Briceno, Yajaira Brito, Miguel Bruno, Graziella Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas Bueno, Gloria Bugge, Anna Burns, Con Bursztyn, Michael Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Cacciottolo, Joseph Cameron, Christine Can, Gunay Candido, Ana Paula C. Capanzana, Mario V. Capkova, Nadezda Capuano, Eduardo Capuano, Vincenzo Cardoso, Viviane C. Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Joana Casanueva, Felipe F. Censi, Laura Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nish Chee, Miao Li Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Cheraghian, Bahman Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui Chetrit, Angela Chien, Kuo-Liong Chiolero, Arnaud Chiou, Shu-Ti Chirita-Emandi, Adela Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Cho, Belong Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. Chudek, Jerzy Cinteza, Eliza Claessens, Frank Clarke, Janine Clays, Els Cohen, Emmanuel Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus Coppinger, Tara C. Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crampin, Amelia C. Crujeiras, Ana B. Cruz, Juan J. Csilla, Semanova Cui, Liufu Cureau, Felipe V. Cuschieri, Sarah D'Arrigo, Graziella d'Orsi, Eleonora Dallongeville, Jean Dankner, Rachel Dantoft, Thomas M. Dauchet, Luc Davletov, Kairat De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Curtis, Amalia de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Ridder, David De Smedt, Delphine Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. DeGennaro, Vincent Jr Delisle, Helene Demarest, Stefaan Dennison, Elaine Deschamps, Valerie Dhimal, Meghnath Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Dickerson, Ty T. Dika, Zivka Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. Donfrancesco, Chiara Donoso, Silvana P. Doering, Angela Dorobantu, Maria Doerr, Marcus Doua, Kouamelan Dragano, Nico Drygas, Wojciech Duante, Charmaine A. Duboz, Priscilla Duda, Rosemary B. Dulskiene, Virginija Dushpanova, Anar Dzakula, Aleksandar Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Eddie, Ricky Eftekhar, Ebrahim Eggertsen, Robert Eghtesad, Sareh Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El-Khateeb, Mohammad El Ati, Jalila Eldemire-Shearer, Denise Eliasen, Marie Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erbel, Raimund Erem, Cihangir Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Eslami, Saeid Esmaeili, Ali Evans, Alun Faeh, David Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Fall, Caroline H. Faramarzi, Elnaz Farjam, Mojtaba Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Fawwad, Asher Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Felix, Stephan B. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Daniel Ferrao, Thomas Ferrari, Marika Ferrario, Marco M. Ferreccio, Catterina Ferreira, Haroldo S. Ferrer, Eldridge Ferrieres, Jean Figueiro, Thamara Hubler Fink, Gunther Fischer, Krista Foo, Leng Huat Forsner, Maria Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Fumihiko, Matsuda Furdela, Viktoriya Furer, Ariel Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Galbarczyk, Andrzej Galenkamp, Henrike Galvano, Fabio Gao, Jingli Gao, Pei Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Garcia, Pablo Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gazzinelli, Andrea Gehring, Ulrike Geleijnse, Johanna M. George, Ronnie Ghanbari, Ali Ghasemi, Erfan Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghimire, Anup Gialluisi, Alessandro Giampaoli, Simona Gieger, Christian Gill, Tiffany K. Giovannelli, Jonathan Gironella, Glen Giwercman, Aleksander Gkiouras, Konstantinos Goldberg, Marcel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. Gomez, Luis F. Gomula, Aleksandra Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Goncalves, Helen Goncalves, Mauer Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena Gonzalez, Angel R. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc J. Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Ha, Seongjun Hadaegh, Farzad Haghshenas, Rosa Hakimi, Hamid Halkjaer, Jytte Hambleton, Ian R. Hamzeh, Behrooz Hange, Dominique Hanif, Abu A. M. Hantunen, Sari Hao, Jie Hardman, Carla Meneses Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Hata, Jun Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hayes, Alison J. He, Yuna Heier, Margit Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henrique, Rafael dos Santos Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Heshmat, Ramin Hill, Allan G. Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Holdsworth, Michelle Homayounfar, Reza Dinc, Gonul Horasan Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huiart, Laetitia Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ikram, M. Arfan Iotova, Violeta Irazola, Vilma E. Ishida, Takafumi Isiguzo, Godsent C. Islam, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jafar, Tazeen James, Kenneth Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Janus, Edward Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jha, Anjani Kumar Jiang, Chao Qiang Jimenez, Ramon O. Joeckel, Karl-Heinz Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jokelainen, Jari J. Jonas, Jost B. 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Korpelainen, Raija Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratenova, Jana Kriaucioniene, Vilma Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steiner Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kutsenko, Vladimir Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Latt, Tint Swe Le Coroller, Gwenaelle Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen Le, Tuyen D. Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehmann, Nils Lehtimaki, Terho Lemogoum, Daniel Levitt, Naomi S. Li, Yanping Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lind, Lars Lingam, Vijaya Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Lo, Wei-Cheng Loit, Helle-Mai Lopez-Garcia, Esther Lopez, Tania Lotufo, Paulo A. Lozano, Jose Eugenio Lovrencic, Iva Lukacevic Lukrafka, Janice L. Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lunet, Nuno Lustigova, Michala Luszczki, Edyta Ma, Guansheng Ma, Jun Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Macia, Enguerran Macieira, Luisa M. Madar, Ahmed A. Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahasampath, Gowri Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Mallikharjuna, Kodavanti Malyutina, Sofia K. Maniego, Lynell V. Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manzato, Enzo Marcil, Anie Margozzini, Paula Marild, Staffan B. Glavic, Mihalea Marinovic Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marques, Larissa Pruner Marrugat, Jaume Martorell, Reynaldo Mascarenhas, Luis P. Matasin, Marija Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mathur, Prashant Matijasevich, Alicia Matlosz, Piotr Matsha, Tandi E. Mavrogianni, Christina Mbanya, Jean Claude N. Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McLachlan, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene Medzioniene, Jurate Mehdipour, Parinaz Mehlig, Kirsten Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Meirhaeghe, Aline Meisinger, Christa Mendoza Montano, Carlos Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mereke, Alibek Meshram, Indrapal I. Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Milkowska, Karolina Miller, Jody C. Minderico, Claudia S. Mini, G. K. Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Modesti, Pietro A. Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Mohajer, Bahram Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Shukri F. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohammadpourhodki, Reza Mohan, Viswanathan Mohanna, Salim Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Mohebbi, Iraj Mohebi, Farnam Moitry, Marie Mollehave, Line T. Molnar, Denes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moosazadeh, Mahmood Moreira, Leila B. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali Mota, Jorge Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Andre Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Mridha, Malay K. Msyamboza, Kelias P. Mu, Thet Thet Muhihi, Alfa J. Muiesan, Maria L. Muller-Nurasyid, Martina Murphy, Neil Mursu, Jaakko Musa, Kamarul Imran Milanovic, Sanja Music Musil, Vera Mustafa, Norlaila Nabipour, Iraj Naderimagham, Shohreh Nagel, Gabriele Naidu, Balkish M. Najafi, Farid Nakamura, Harunobu Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Narake, Sameer Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Neal, William A. Nejatizadeh, Azim Nenko, Ilona Neovius, Martin Neuhauser, Hannelore K. Nguyen, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang V. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E. Niiranen, Teemu J. Nikitin, Yury P. Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishtar, Sania Njelekela, Marina A. Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Noorbala, Ahmad Ali Norat, Teresa Nordendahl, Maria Nordestgaard, Borge G. Noto, Davide Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia Al Nsour, Mohannad Nunes, Baltazar O'Neill, Terence W. O'Reilly, Dermot Ochimana, Caleb Oda, Eiji Odili, Augustine N. Oh, Kyungwon Ohara, Kumiko Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Olie, Valerie Olinto, Maria Teresa A. Oliveira, Isabel O. Omar, Mohd Azahadi Onat, Altan Ong, Sok King Ono, Lariane M. Ordunez, Pedro Ornelas, Rui Ortiz, Pedro J. Osmond, Clive Ostojic, Sergej M. Ostovar, Afshin Otero, Johanna A. Overvad, Kim Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Paccaud, Fred Michel Padez, Cristina Pahomova, Elena de Paiva, Karina Mary Pajak, Andrzej Palli, Domenico Palmieri, Luigi Pan, Wen-Harn Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panza, Francesco Paoli, Mariela Papandreou, Dimitrios Park, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Parnell, Winsome R. Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Pasquet, Patrick Patel, Nikhil D. Pavlyshyn, Halyna Pecin, Ivan Pednekar, Mangesh S. Pedro, Joao M. Peer, Nasheeta Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Pereira, Alexandre C. Peres, Karen G. D. A. Peres, Marco A. Peters, Annette Petkeviciene, Janina Peykari, Niloofar Pham, Son Thai Pichardo, Rafael N. Pigeot, Iris Pikhart, Hynek Pilav, Aida Pilotto, Lorenza Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Pizarro, Andreia N. Plans-Rubio, Pedro Polasek, Ozren Porta, Miquel Poudyal, Anil Pourfarzi, Farhad Pourshams, Akram Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Alison J. Price, Jacqueline F. Providencia, Rui Puhakka, Soile E. Puiu, Maria Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Queiroz, Daniel Bao, Tran Quoc Radic, Ivana Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahimikazerooni, Salar Rahman, Mahfuzar Raitakari, Olli Raj, Manu Rakhimova, Ellina M. Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramos, Elisabete Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rangel Reina, Daniel A. Rarra, Vayia Rech, Cassiano Ricardo Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Regecova, Valeria Revilla, Luis Rezaianzadeh, Abbas Ribeiro, Robespierre Riboli, Elio Richter, Adrian Rigo, Fernando de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Roggenbuck, Ulla Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Romaguera, Dora Romeo, Elisabetta L. Rosengren, Annika Roy, Joel G. R. Rubinstein, Adolfo Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Ruiz-Castell, Maria Rusakova, Iuliia A. Russo, Paola Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sabbaghi, Hamideh Sachdev, Harshpal S. Sadjadi, Alireza Safarpour, Ali Reza Safi, Sare Safiri, Saeid Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Saki, Nader Salanave, Benoit Salazar Martinez, Eduardo Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sans, Susana Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Lelita C. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarganas, Giselle Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu Saum, Kai-Uwe Savva, Savvas Sawada, Norie Sbaraini, Mariana Scazufca, Marcia Schaan, Beatriz D. Schargrodsky, Herman Schipf, Sabine Schmidt, Carsten O. Schnohr, Peter Schoettker, Ben Schramm, Sara Schultsz, Constance Schutte, Aletta E. Sebert, Sylvain Sein, Aye Aye Sen, Abhijit Senbanjo, Idowu O. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Servais, Jennifer Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shamah-Levy, Teresa Shamshirgaran, Morteza Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam Sharafkhah, Maryam Sharma, Sanjib K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shayanrad, Amaneh Shayesteh, Ali Akbar Shi, Zumin Shibuya, Kenji Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana Shin, Dong Wook Shirani, Majid Shiri, Rahman Shrestha, Namuna Si-Ramlee, Khairil Siani, Alfonso Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam So, Hung-Kwan Soares, Fernanda Cunha Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Soemantri, Agustinus Sofat, Reecha Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Somi, Mohammad Hossein Sonestedt, Emily Song, Yi Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Sorgjerd, Elin P. Soric, Maroje Jerome, Charles Sossa Soumare, Aicha Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente Sparrenberger, Karen Staessen, Jan A. Starc, Gregor Stavreski, Bill Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stergiou, George S. Stessman, Jochanan Stieber, Jutta Stoeckl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suka, Machi Sun, Chien-An Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Syddall, Holly E. Sylva, Rene Charles Szklo, Moyses Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Taylor, Julie Tebar, William R. Tell, Grethe S. Tello, Tania Tham, Yih Chung Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants |
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WA. 900 Vital Statistics |
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Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier. |
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Franco, Maria do Carmo Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Fumihiko, Matsuda Furdela, Viktoriya Furer, Ariel Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Galbarczyk, Andrzej Galenkamp, Henrike Galvano, Fabio Gao, Jingli Gao, Pei Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Garcia, Pablo Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gazzinelli, Andrea Gehring, Ulrike Geleijnse, Johanna M. George, Ronnie Ghanbari, Ali Ghasemi, Erfan Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghimire, Anup Gialluisi, Alessandro Giampaoli, Simona Gieger, Christian Gill, Tiffany K. Giovannelli, Jonathan Gironella, Glen Giwercman, Aleksander Gkiouras, Konstantinos Goldberg, Marcel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. Gomez, Luis F. Gomula, Aleksandra Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Goncalves, Helen Goncalves, Mauer Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena Gonzalez, Angel R. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc J. Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Ha, Seongjun Hadaegh, Farzad Haghshenas, Rosa Hakimi, Hamid Halkjaer, Jytte Hambleton, Ian R. Hamzeh, Behrooz Hange, Dominique Hanif, Abu A. M. Hantunen, Sari Hao, Jie Hardman, Carla Meneses Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Hata, Jun Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hayes, Alison J. He, Yuna Heier, Margit Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henrique, Rafael dos Santos Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Heshmat, Ramin Hill, Allan G. Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Holdsworth, Michelle Homayounfar, Reza Dinc, Gonul Horasan Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huiart, Laetitia Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ikram, M. Arfan Iotova, Violeta Irazola, Vilma E. Ishida, Takafumi Isiguzo, Godsent C. Islam, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jafar, Tazeen James, Kenneth Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Janus, Edward Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jha, Anjani Kumar Jiang, Chao Qiang Jimenez, Ramon O. Joeckel, Karl-Heinz Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jokelainen, Jari J. Jonas, Jost B. 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Korpelainen, Raija Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratenova, Jana Kriaucioniene, Vilma Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steiner Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kutsenko, Vladimir Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Latt, Tint Swe Le Coroller, Gwenaelle Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen Le, Tuyen D. Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehmann, Nils Lehtimaki, Terho Lemogoum, Daniel Levitt, Naomi S. Li, Yanping Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lind, Lars Lingam, Vijaya Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Lo, Wei-Cheng Loit, Helle-Mai Lopez-Garcia, Esther Lopez, Tania Lotufo, Paulo A. Lozano, Jose Eugenio Lovrencic, Iva Lukacevic Lukrafka, Janice L. Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lunet, Nuno Lustigova, Michala Luszczki, Edyta Ma, Guansheng Ma, Jun Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Macia, Enguerran Macieira, Luisa M. Madar, Ahmed A. Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahasampath, Gowri Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Mallikharjuna, Kodavanti Malyutina, Sofia K. Maniego, Lynell V. Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manzato, Enzo Marcil, Anie Margozzini, Paula Marild, Staffan B. Glavic, Mihalea Marinovic Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marques, Larissa Pruner Marrugat, Jaume Martorell, Reynaldo Mascarenhas, Luis P. Matasin, Marija Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mathur, Prashant Matijasevich, Alicia Matlosz, Piotr Matsha, Tandi E. Mavrogianni, Christina Mbanya, Jean Claude N. Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McLachlan, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene Medzioniene, Jurate Mehdipour, Parinaz Mehlig, Kirsten Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Meirhaeghe, Aline Meisinger, Christa Mendoza Montano, Carlos Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mereke, Alibek Meshram, Indrapal I. Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Milkowska, Karolina Miller, Jody C. Minderico, Claudia S. Mini, G. K. Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Modesti, Pietro A. Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Mohajer, Bahram Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Shukri F. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohammadpourhodki, Reza Mohan, Viswanathan Mohanna, Salim Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Mohebbi, Iraj Mohebi, Farnam Moitry, Marie Mollehave, Line T. Molnar, Denes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moosazadeh, Mahmood Moreira, Leila B. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali Mota, Jorge Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Andre Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Mridha, Malay K. Msyamboza, Kelias P. Mu, Thet Thet Muhihi, Alfa J. Muiesan, Maria L. Muller-Nurasyid, Martina Murphy, Neil Mursu, Jaakko Musa, Kamarul Imran Milanovic, Sanja Music Musil, Vera Mustafa, Norlaila Nabipour, Iraj Naderimagham, Shohreh Nagel, Gabriele Naidu, Balkish M. Najafi, Farid Nakamura, Harunobu Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Narake, Sameer Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Neal, William A. Nejatizadeh, Azim Nenko, Ilona Neovius, Martin Neuhauser, Hannelore K. Nguyen, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang V. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E. Niiranen, Teemu J. Nikitin, Yury P. Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishtar, Sania Njelekela, Marina A. Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Noorbala, Ahmad Ali Norat, Teresa Nordendahl, Maria Nordestgaard, Borge G. Noto, Davide Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia Al Nsour, Mohannad Nunes, Baltazar O'Neill, Terence W. O'Reilly, Dermot Ochimana, Caleb Oda, Eiji Odili, Augustine N. Oh, Kyungwon Ohara, Kumiko Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Olie, Valerie Olinto, Maria Teresa A. Oliveira, Isabel O. Omar, Mohd Azahadi Onat, Altan Ong, Sok King Ono, Lariane M. Ordunez, Pedro Ornelas, Rui Ortiz, Pedro J. Osmond, Clive Ostojic, Sergej M. Ostovar, Afshin Otero, Johanna A. Overvad, Kim Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Paccaud, Fred Michel Padez, Cristina Pahomova, Elena de Paiva, Karina Mary Pajak, Andrzej Palli, Domenico Palmieri, Luigi Pan, Wen-Harn Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panza, Francesco Paoli, Mariela Papandreou, Dimitrios Park, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Parnell, Winsome R. Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Pasquet, Patrick Patel, Nikhil D. Pavlyshyn, Halyna Pecin, Ivan Pednekar, Mangesh S. Pedro, Joao M. Peer, Nasheeta Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Pereira, Alexandre C. Peres, Karen G. D. A. Peres, Marco A. Peters, Annette Petkeviciene, Janina Peykari, Niloofar Pham, Son Thai Pichardo, Rafael N. Pigeot, Iris Pikhart, Hynek Pilav, Aida Pilotto, Lorenza Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Pizarro, Andreia N. Plans-Rubio, Pedro Polasek, Ozren Porta, Miquel Poudyal, Anil Pourfarzi, Farhad Pourshams, Akram Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Alison J. Price, Jacqueline F. Providencia, Rui Puhakka, Soile E. Puiu, Maria Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Queiroz, Daniel Bao, Tran Quoc Radic, Ivana Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahimikazerooni, Salar Rahman, Mahfuzar Raitakari, Olli Raj, Manu Rakhimova, Ellina M. Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramos, Elisabete Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rangel Reina, Daniel A. Rarra, Vayia Rech, Cassiano Ricardo Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Regecova, Valeria Revilla, Luis Rezaianzadeh, Abbas Ribeiro, Robespierre Riboli, Elio Richter, Adrian Rigo, Fernando de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Roggenbuck, Ulla Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Romaguera, Dora Romeo, Elisabetta L. Rosengren, Annika Roy, Joel G. R. Rubinstein, Adolfo Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Ruiz-Castell, Maria Rusakova, Iuliia A. Russo, Paola Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sabbaghi, Hamideh Sachdev, Harshpal S. Sadjadi, Alireza Safarpour, Ali Reza Safi, Sare Safiri, Saeid Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Saki, Nader Salanave, Benoit Salazar Martinez, Eduardo Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sans, Susana Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Lelita C. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarganas, Giselle Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu Saum, Kai-Uwe Savva, Savvas Sawada, Norie Sbaraini, Mariana Scazufca, Marcia Schaan, Beatriz D. Schargrodsky, Herman Schipf, Sabine Schmidt, Carsten O. Schnohr, Peter Schoettker, Ben Schramm, Sara Schultsz, Constance Schutte, Aletta E. Sebert, Sylvain Sein, Aye Aye Sen, Abhijit Senbanjo, Idowu O. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Servais, Jennifer Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shamah-Levy, Teresa Shamshirgaran, Morteza Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam Sharafkhah, Maryam Sharma, Sanjib K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shayanrad, Amaneh Shayesteh, Ali Akbar Shi, Zumin Shibuya, Kenji Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana Shin, Dong Wook Shirani, Majid Shiri, Rahman Shrestha, Namuna Si-Ramlee, Khairil Siani, Alfonso Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam So, Hung-Kwan Soares, Fernanda Cunha Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Soemantri, Agustinus Sofat, Reecha Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Somi, Mohammad Hossein Sonestedt, Emily Song, Yi Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Sorgjerd, Elin P. Soric, Maroje Jerome, Charles Sossa Soumare, Aicha Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente Sparrenberger, Karen Staessen, Jan A. Starc, Gregor Stavreski, Bill Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stergiou, George S. Stessman, Jochanan Stieber, Jutta Stoeckl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suka, Machi Sun, Chien-An Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Syddall, Holly E. Sylva, Rene Charles Szklo, Moyses Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Taylor, Julie Tebar, William R. Tell, Grethe S. Tello, Tania Tham, Yih Chung |
author_facet |
Zhou, Bin Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Riley, Leanne M. Paciorek, Christopher J. Stevens, Gretchen A. Gregg, Edward W. Bennett, James E. Solomon, Bethlehem Singleton, Rosie K. Sophiea, Marisa K. Iurilli, Maria L. C. Lhoste, Victor P. F. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Woodward, Mark Balanova, Yulia Cifkova, Renata Damasceno, Albertino Elliott, Paul Farzadfar, Farshad He, Jiang Ikeda, Nayu Kengne, Andre P. Khang, Young-Ho Kim, Hyeon Chang Laxmaiah, Avula Lin, Hsien-Ho Margozzini Maira, Paula Miranda, J. Jaime Neuhauser, Hannelore Sundstrom, Johan Varghese, Cherian Widyahening, Indah S. Zdrojewski, Tomasz Ezzati, Majid Abarca-Gomez, Leandra Abdeen, Ziad A. Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adams, Robert J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Afsana, Kaosar Afzal, Shoaib Agdeppa, Imelda A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadizar, Fariba Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahrens, Wolfgang Ajlouni, Kamel Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alarouj, Monira AlBuhairan, Fadia AlDhukair, Shahla Ali, Mohamed M. Alkandari, Abdullah Alkerwi, Ala'a Allin, Kristine Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amougou, Norbert Amouyel, Philippe Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Ansong, Daniel Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araujo, Joana Ariansen, Inger Aris, Tahir Arku, Raphael E. Arlappa, Nimmathota Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F. Auvinen, Juha Avdicova, Maria Azevedo, Ana Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen Azizi, Fereidoun Azmin, Mehrdad Babu, Bontha V. Bahijri, Suhad Balakrishna, Nagalla Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej Banadinovic, Maja Bandosz, Piotr Banegas, Jose R. Baran, Joanna Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Barkat, Amina Barreto, Marta Barros, Aluisio J. D. Gomes Barros, Mauro Virgilio Bartosiewicz, Anna Basit, Abdul Bastos, Joao Luiz D. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batyrbek, Assembekov Baur, Louise A. Beaglehole, Robert Belavendra, Antonisamy Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benet, Mikhail Benson, Lowell S. Berkinbayev, Salim Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bettiol, Heloisa Bezerra, Jorge Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bhargava, Santosh K. Bia, Daniel Biasch, Katia Lele, Elysee Claude Bika Bikbov, Mukharram M. Bista, Bihungum Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Bloch, Katia V. Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boeing, Heiner Boggia, Jose G. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bojesen, Stig E. Bongard, Vanina Bonilla-Vargas, Alice Bopp, Matthias Borghs, Herman Bovet, Pascal Boyer, Christopher B. Braeckman, Lutgart Brajkovich, Imperia Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Briceno, Yajaira Brito, Miguel Bruno, Graziella Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas Bueno, Gloria Bugge, Anna Burns, Con Bursztyn, Michael Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Cacciottolo, Joseph Cameron, Christine Can, Gunay Candido, Ana Paula C. Capanzana, Mario V. Capkova, Nadezda Capuano, Eduardo Capuano, Vincenzo Cardoso, Viviane C. Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Joana Casanueva, Felipe F. Censi, Laura Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nish Chee, Miao Li Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Cheraghian, Bahman Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui Chetrit, Angela Chien, Kuo-Liong Chiolero, Arnaud Chiou, Shu-Ti Chirita-Emandi, Adela Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Cho, Belong Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. Chudek, Jerzy Cinteza, Eliza Claessens, Frank Clarke, Janine Clays, Els Cohen, Emmanuel Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus Coppinger, Tara C. Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crampin, Amelia C. Crujeiras, Ana B. Cruz, Juan J. Csilla, Semanova Cui, Liufu Cureau, Felipe V. Cuschieri, Sarah D'Arrigo, Graziella d'Orsi, Eleonora Dallongeville, Jean Dankner, Rachel Dantoft, Thomas M. Dauchet, Luc Davletov, Kairat De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Curtis, Amalia de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Ridder, David De Smedt, Delphine Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. DeGennaro, Vincent Jr Delisle, Helene Demarest, Stefaan Dennison, Elaine Deschamps, Valerie Dhimal, Meghnath Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Dickerson, Ty T. Dika, Zivka Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. Donfrancesco, Chiara Donoso, Silvana P. Doering, Angela Dorobantu, Maria Doerr, Marcus Doua, Kouamelan Dragano, Nico Drygas, Wojciech Duante, Charmaine A. Duboz, Priscilla Duda, Rosemary B. Dulskiene, Virginija Dushpanova, Anar Dzakula, Aleksandar Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Eddie, Ricky Eftekhar, Ebrahim Eggertsen, Robert Eghtesad, Sareh Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El-Khateeb, Mohammad El Ati, Jalila Eldemire-Shearer, Denise Eliasen, Marie Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erbel, Raimund Erem, Cihangir Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Eslami, Saeid Esmaeili, Ali Evans, Alun Faeh, David Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Fall, Caroline H. Faramarzi, Elnaz Farjam, Mojtaba Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Fawwad, Asher Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Felix, Stephan B. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Daniel Ferrao, Thomas Ferrari, Marika Ferrario, Marco M. Ferreccio, Catterina Ferreira, Haroldo S. Ferrer, Eldridge Ferrieres, Jean Figueiro, Thamara Hubler Fink, Gunther Fischer, Krista Foo, Leng Huat Forsner, Maria Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Fumihiko, Matsuda Furdela, Viktoriya Furer, Ariel Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Galbarczyk, Andrzej Galenkamp, Henrike Galvano, Fabio Gao, Jingli Gao, Pei Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Garcia, Pablo Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gazzinelli, Andrea Gehring, Ulrike Geleijnse, Johanna M. George, Ronnie Ghanbari, Ali Ghasemi, Erfan Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghimire, Anup Gialluisi, Alessandro Giampaoli, Simona Gieger, Christian Gill, Tiffany K. Giovannelli, Jonathan Gironella, Glen Giwercman, Aleksander Gkiouras, Konstantinos Goldberg, Marcel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. Gomez, Luis F. Gomula, Aleksandra Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Goncalves, Helen Goncalves, Mauer Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena Gonzalez, Angel R. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc J. Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Ha, Seongjun Hadaegh, Farzad Haghshenas, Rosa Hakimi, Hamid Halkjaer, Jytte Hambleton, Ian R. Hamzeh, Behrooz Hange, Dominique Hanif, Abu A. M. Hantunen, Sari Hao, Jie Hardman, Carla Meneses Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Hata, Jun Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hayes, Alison J. He, Yuna Heier, Margit Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henrique, Rafael dos Santos Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Heshmat, Ramin Hill, Allan G. Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Holdsworth, Michelle Homayounfar, Reza Dinc, Gonul Horasan Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huiart, Laetitia Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ikram, M. Arfan Iotova, Violeta Irazola, Vilma E. Ishida, Takafumi Isiguzo, Godsent C. Islam, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jafar, Tazeen James, Kenneth Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Janus, Edward Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jha, Anjani Kumar Jiang, Chao Qiang Jimenez, Ramon O. Joeckel, Karl-Heinz Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jokelainen, Jari J. Jonas, Jost B. Jorgensen, Torben Joshi, Pradeep Joukar, Farahnaz Jozwiak, Jacek Juolevi, Anne Jurak, Gregor Juresa, Vesna Kaaks, Rudolf Kafatos, Anthony Kajantie, Eero O. Kalmatayeva, Zhanna Kalpourtzi, Natasa Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kampmann, Freja B. Kannan, Srinivasan Karaglani, Eva Karhus, Line L. Karki, Khem B. Katibeh, Marzieh Katz, Joanne Kauhanen, Jussi Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Keil, Ulrich Boker, Lital Keinan Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Kelishadi, Roya Kemper, Han C. G. Keramati, Maryam Kerimkulova, Alina Kersting, Mathilde Key, Timothy Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khaw, Kay-Tee Kheiri, Bahareh Kheradmand, Motahareh Khosravi, Alireza Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Kiechl, Stefan Killewo, Japhet Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Jeongseon Klakk, Heidi Klimek, Magdalena Klumbiene, Jurate Knoflach, Michael Kolle, Elin Kolsteren, Patrick Kontto, Jukka P. Korpelainen, Raija Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratenova, Jana Kriaucioniene, Vilma Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steiner Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kutsenko, Vladimir Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Latt, Tint Swe Le Coroller, Gwenaelle Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen Le, Tuyen D. Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehmann, Nils Lehtimaki, Terho Lemogoum, Daniel Levitt, Naomi S. Li, Yanping Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lind, Lars Lingam, Vijaya Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Lo, Wei-Cheng Loit, Helle-Mai Lopez-Garcia, Esther Lopez, Tania Lotufo, Paulo A. Lozano, Jose Eugenio Lovrencic, Iva Lukacevic Lukrafka, Janice L. Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lunet, Nuno Lustigova, Michala Luszczki, Edyta Ma, Guansheng Ma, Jun Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Macia, Enguerran Macieira, Luisa M. Madar, Ahmed A. Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahasampath, Gowri Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Mallikharjuna, Kodavanti Malyutina, Sofia K. Maniego, Lynell V. Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manzato, Enzo Marcil, Anie Margozzini, Paula Marild, Staffan B. Glavic, Mihalea Marinovic Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marques, Larissa Pruner Marrugat, Jaume Martorell, Reynaldo Mascarenhas, Luis P. Matasin, Marija Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mathur, Prashant Matijasevich, Alicia Matlosz, Piotr Matsha, Tandi E. Mavrogianni, Christina Mbanya, Jean Claude N. Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McLachlan, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene Medzioniene, Jurate Mehdipour, Parinaz Mehlig, Kirsten Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Meirhaeghe, Aline Meisinger, Christa Mendoza Montano, Carlos Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mereke, Alibek Meshram, Indrapal I. Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Milkowska, Karolina Miller, Jody C. Minderico, Claudia S. Mini, G. K. Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Modesti, Pietro A. Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi Mohajer, Bahram Mohamed, Mostafa K. Mohamed, Shukri F. Mohammad, Kazem Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Zahra Mohammadifard, Noushin Mohammadpourhodki, Reza Mohan, Viswanathan Mohanna, Salim Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Mohebbi, Iraj Mohebi, Farnam Moitry, Marie Mollehave, Line T. Molnar, Denes Momenan, Amirabbas Mondo, Charles K. Monterrubio-Flores, Eric Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K. Moon, Jin Soo Moosazadeh, Mahmood Moreira, Leila B. Morejon, Alain Moreno, Luis A. Morgan, Karen Moschonis, George Mossakowska, Malgorzata Mostafa, Aya Mostafavi, Seyed-Ali Mota, Jorge Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel Motta, Jorge Andre Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Mridha, Malay K. Msyamboza, Kelias P. Mu, Thet Thet Muhihi, Alfa J. Muiesan, Maria L. Muller-Nurasyid, Martina Murphy, Neil Mursu, Jaakko Musa, Kamarul Imran Milanovic, Sanja Music Musil, Vera Mustafa, Norlaila Nabipour, Iraj Naderimagham, Shohreh Nagel, Gabriele Naidu, Balkish M. Najafi, Farid Nakamura, Harunobu Namesna, Jana Nang, Ei Ei K. Nangia, Vinay B. Narake, Sameer Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba Neal, William A. Nejatizadeh, Azim Nenko, Ilona Neovius, Martin Neuhauser, Hannelore K. Nguyen, Chung T. Nguyen, Nguyen D. Nguyen, Quang V. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E. Niiranen, Teemu J. Nikitin, Yury P. Ninomiya, Toshiharu Nishtar, Sania Njelekela, Marina A. Noale, Marianna Noboa, Oscar A. Noorbala, Ahmad Ali Norat, Teresa Nordendahl, Maria Nordestgaard, Borge G. Noto, Davide Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia Al Nsour, Mohannad Nunes, Baltazar O'Neill, Terence W. O'Reilly, Dermot Ochimana, Caleb Oda, Eiji Odili, Augustine N. Oh, Kyungwon Ohara, Kumiko Ohtsuka, Ryutaro Olie, Valerie Olinto, Maria Teresa A. Oliveira, Isabel O. Omar, Mohd Azahadi Onat, Altan Ong, Sok King Ono, Lariane M. Ordunez, Pedro Ornelas, Rui Ortiz, Pedro J. Osmond, Clive Ostojic, Sergej M. Ostovar, Afshin Otero, Johanna A. Overvad, Kim Owusu-Dabo, Ellis Paccaud, Fred Michel Padez, Cristina Pahomova, Elena de Paiva, Karina Mary Pajak, Andrzej Palli, Domenico Palmieri, Luigi Pan, Wen-Harn Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra Panza, Francesco Paoli, Mariela Papandreou, Dimitrios Park, Soon-Woo Park, Suyeon Parnell, Winsome R. Parsaeian, Mahboubeh Pasquet, Patrick Patel, Nikhil D. Pavlyshyn, Halyna Pecin, Ivan Pednekar, Mangesh S. Pedro, Joao M. Peer, Nasheeta Peixoto, Sergio Viana Peltonen, Markku Pereira, Alexandre C. Peres, Karen G. D. A. Peres, Marco A. Peters, Annette Petkeviciene, Janina Peykari, Niloofar Pham, Son Thai Pichardo, Rafael N. Pigeot, Iris Pikhart, Hynek Pilav, Aida Pilotto, Lorenza Pitakaka, Freda Piwonska, Aleksandra Pizarro, Andreia N. Plans-Rubio, Pedro Polasek, Ozren Porta, Miquel Poudyal, Anil Pourfarzi, Farhad Pourshams, Akram Poustchi, Hossein Pradeepa, Rajendra Price, Alison J. Price, Jacqueline F. Providencia, Rui Puhakka, Soile E. Puiu, Maria Punab, Margus Qasrawi, Radwan F. Qorbani, Mostafa Queiroz, Daniel Bao, Tran Quoc Radic, Ivana Radisauskas, Ricardas Rahimikazerooni, Salar Rahman, Mahfuzar Raitakari, Olli Raj, Manu Rakhimova, Ellina M. Rao, Sudha Ramachandra Ramachandran, Ambady Ramos, Elisabete Rampal, Lekhraj Rampal, Sanjay Rangel Reina, Daniel A. Rarra, Vayia Rech, Cassiano Ricardo Redon, Josep Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. Regecova, Valeria Revilla, Luis Rezaianzadeh, Abbas Ribeiro, Robespierre Riboli, Elio Richter, Adrian Rigo, Fernando de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke Ritti-Dias, Raphael M. Robitaille, Cynthia Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A. Roggenbuck, Ulla Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba Romaguera, Dora Romeo, Elisabetta L. Rosengren, Annika Roy, Joel G. R. Rubinstein, Adolfo Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Ruiz-Castell, Maria Rusakova, Iuliia A. Russo, Paola Rutkowski, Marcin Sabanayagam, Charumathi Sabbaghi, Hamideh Sachdev, Harshpal S. Sadjadi, Alireza Safarpour, Ali Reza Safi, Sare Safiri, Saeid Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Saki, Nader Salanave, Benoit Salazar Martinez, Eduardo Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sans, Susana Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Lelita C. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarganas, Giselle Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu Saum, Kai-Uwe Savva, Savvas Sawada, Norie Sbaraini, Mariana Scazufca, Marcia Schaan, Beatriz D. Schargrodsky, Herman Schipf, Sabine Schmidt, Carsten O. Schnohr, Peter Schoettker, Ben Schramm, Sara Schultsz, Constance Schutte, Aletta E. Sebert, Sylvain Sein, Aye Aye Sen, Abhijit Senbanjo, Idowu O. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Servais, Jennifer Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shamah-Levy, Teresa Shamshirgaran, Morteza Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam Sharafkhah, Maryam Sharma, Sanjib K. Shaw, Jonathan E. Shayanrad, Amaneh Shayesteh, Ali Akbar Shi, Zumin Shibuya, Kenji Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana Shin, Dong Wook Shirani, Majid Shiri, Rahman Shrestha, Namuna Si-Ramlee, Khairil Siani, Alfonso Siantar, Rosalynn Sibai, Abla M. de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos Santos Silva, Diego Augusto Simon, Mary Simons, Judith Simons, Leon A. Sjostrom, Michael Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw Smeeth, Liam So, Hung-Kwan Soares, Fernanda Cunha Sobngwi, Eugene Soderberg, Stefan Soemantri, Agustinus Sofat, Reecha Solfrizzi, Vincenzo Somi, Mohammad Hossein Sonestedt, Emily Song, Yi Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. Sorgjerd, Elin P. Soric, Maroje Jerome, Charles Sossa Soumare, Aicha Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente Sparrenberger, Karen Staessen, Jan A. Starc, Gregor Stavreski, Bill Steene-Johannessen, Jostein Stehle, Peter Stein, Aryeh D. Stergiou, George S. Stessman, Jochanan Stieber, Jutta Stoeckl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suka, Machi Sun, Chien-An Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Syddall, Holly E. Sylva, Rene Charles Szklo, Moyses Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Taylor, Julie Tebar, William R. Tell, Grethe S. Tello, Tania Tham, Yih Chung |
author_sort |
Zhou, Bin |
title |
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants |
title_short |
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants |
title_full |
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants |
title_fullStr |
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants |
title_sort |
worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants |
publisher |
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/ http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/1/1-s2.0-S0140673621013301-main.pdf |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/1/1-s2.0-S0140673621013301-main.pdf Zhou, Bin and Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. and Danaei, Goodarz and Riley, Leanne M. and Paciorek, Christopher J. and Stevens, Gretchen A. and Gregg, Edward W. and Bennett, James E. and Solomon, Bethlehem and Singleton, Rosie K. and Sophiea, Marisa K. and Iurilli, Maria L. C. and Lhoste, Victor P. F. and Cowan, Melanie J. and Savin, Stefan and Woodward, Mark and Balanova, Yulia and Cifkova, Renata and Damasceno, Albertino and Elliott, Paul and Farzadfar, Farshad and He, Jiang and Ikeda, Nayu and Kengne, Andre P. and Khang, Young-Ho and Kim, Hyeon Chang and Laxmaiah, Avula and Lin, Hsien-Ho and Margozzini Maira, Paula and Miranda, J. Jaime and Neuhauser, Hannelore and Sundstrom, Johan and Varghese, Cherian and Widyahening, Indah S. and Zdrojewski, Tomasz and Ezzati, Majid and Abarca-Gomez, Leandra and Abdeen, Ziad A. and Rahim, Hanan F. 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R. and Rubinstein, Adolfo and Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard and Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca and Ruiz-Castell, Maria and Rusakova, Iuliia A. and Russo, Paola and Rutkowski, Marcin and Sabanayagam, Charumathi and Sabbaghi, Hamideh and Sachdev, Harshpal S. and Sadjadi, Alireza and Safarpour, Ali Reza and Safi, Sare and Safiri, Saeid and Saidi, Olfa and Sakarya, Sibel and Saki, Nader and Salanave, Benoit and Salazar Martinez, Eduardo and Salmeron, Diego and Salomaa, Veikko and Salonen, Jukka T. and Salvetti, Massimo and Sanchez-Abanto, Jose and Sans, Susana and Santos, Diana A. and Santos, Ina S. and Santos, Lelita C. and Santos, Maria Paula and Santos, Rute and Saramies, Jouko L. and Sardinha, Luis B. and Sarganas, Giselle and Sarrafzadegan, Nizal and Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu and Saum, Kai-Uwe and Savva, Savvas and Sawada, Norie and Sbaraini, Mariana and Scazufca, Marcia and Schaan, Beatriz D. and Schargrodsky, Herman and Schipf, Sabine and Schmidt, Carsten O. and Schnohr, Peter and Schoettker, Ben and Schramm, Sara and Schultsz, Constance and Schutte, Aletta E. and Sebert, Sylvain and Sein, Aye Aye and Sen, Abhijit and Senbanjo, Idowu O. and Sepanlou, Sadaf G. and Servais, Jennifer and Shalnova, Svetlana A. and Shamah-Levy, Teresa and Shamshirgaran, Morteza and Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam and Sharafkhah, Maryam and Sharma, Sanjib K. and Shaw, Jonathan E. and Shayanrad, Amaneh and Shayesteh, Ali Akbar and Shi, Zumin and Shibuya, Kenji and Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana and Shin, Dong Wook and Shirani, Majid and Shiri, Rahman and Shrestha, Namuna and Si-Ramlee, Khairil and Siani, Alfonso and Siantar, Rosalynn and Sibai, Abla M. and de Moura Silva, Caroline Ramos and Santos Silva, Diego Augusto and Simon, Mary and Simons, Judith and Simons, Leon A. and Sjostrom, Michael and Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta and Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw and Smeeth, Liam and So, Hung-Kwan and Soares, Fernanda Cunha and Sobngwi, Eugene and Soderberg, Stefan and Soemantri, Agustinus and Sofat, Reecha and Solfrizzi, Vincenzo and Somi, Mohammad Hossein and Sonestedt, Emily and Song, Yi and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Sorgjerd, Elin P. and Soric, Maroje and Jerome, Charles Sossa and Soumare, Aicha and Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente and Sparrenberger, Karen and Staessen, Jan A. and Starc, Gregor and Stavreski, Bill and Steene-Johannessen, Jostein and Stehle, Peter and Stein, Aryeh D. and Stergiou, George S. and Stessman, Jochanan and Stieber, Jutta and Stoeckl, Doris and Stocks, Tanja and Stokwiszewski, Jakub and Stronks, Karien and Strufaldi, Maria Wany and Suka, Machi and Sun, Chien-An and Sundstrom, Johan and Sung, Yn-Tz and Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul and Sy, Rody G. and Syddall, Holly E. and Sylva, Rene Charles and Szklo, Moyses and Tai, E. Shyong and Tammesoo, Mari-Liis and Tamosiunas, Abdonas and Tan, Eng Joo and Tang, Xun and Tanser, Frank and Tao, Yong and Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul and Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. and Taylor, Anne and Taylor, Julie and Tebar, William R. and Tell, Grethe S. and Tello, Tania and Tham, Yih Chung and Thankappan, K. R. and Theobald, Holger and Theodoridis, Xenophon and Thijs, Lutgarde and Thinggaard, Mikael and Thomas, Nihal and Thorand, Barbara and Thuesen, Betina H. and Timmermans, Erik J. and Tjandrarini, Dwi H. and Tjonneland, Anne and Toft, Ulla and Tolonen, Hanna K. and Tolstrup, Janne S. and Topbas, Murat and Topor-Madry, Roman and Jose Tormo, Maria and Tornaritis, Michael J. and Torrent, Maties and Torres-Collado, Laura and Touloumi, Giota and Traissac, Pierre and Triantafyllou, Areti and Trichopoulos, Dimitrios and Trichopoulou, Antonia and Trinh, Oanh T. H. and Trivedi, Atul and Tshepo, Lechaba and Tsugane, Shoichiro and Tuliakova, Azaliia M. and Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K. and Tullu, Fikru and Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka and Tuomilehto, Jaakko and Turley, Maria L. and Twig, Gilad and Tynelius, Per and Tzourio, Christophe and Ueda, Peter and Ugel, Eunice and Ulmer, Hanno and Uusitalo, Hannu M. T. and Valdivia, Gonzalo and Valvi, Damaskini and van Dam, Rob M. and van den Born, Bert-Jan and Van der Heyden, Johan and van der Schouw, Yvonne T. and Van Herck, Koen and Minh, Hoang Van and Van Schoor, Natasja M. and van Valkengoed, Irene G. M. and van Zutphen, Elisabeth M. and Vanderschueren, Dirk and Vanuzzo, Diego and Varbo, Anette and Vasan, Senthil K. and Vega, Tomas and Veidebaum, Toomas and Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo and Veronesi, Giovanni and Verschuren, W. M. Monique and Verstraeten, Roosmarijn and Victora, Cesar G. and Viet, Lucie and Villalpando, Salvador and Vineis, Paolo and Vioque, Jesus and Virtanen, Jyrki K. and Visvikis-Siest, Sophie and Viswanathan, Bharathi and Vlasoff, Tiina and Vollenweider, Peter and Voutilainen, Ari and Wade, Alisha N. and Walton, Janette and Wambiya, Elvis O. A. and Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan and Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan and Wanderley Junior, Rildo de Souza and Wang, Ming-Dong and Wang, Ningli and Wang, Qian and Wang, Xiangjun and Wang, Ya Xing and Wang, Ying-Wei and Wannamethee, S. Goya and Wareham, Nicholas and Wei, Wenbin and Weres, Aneta and Werner, Bo and Whincup, Peter H. and Widhalm, Kurt and Widyahening, Indah S. and Wiecek, Andrzej and Wilks, Rainford J. and Willeit, Johann and Willeit, Peter and Williams, Emmanuel A. and Wilsgaard, Tom and Wojtyniak, Bogdan and Wong-McClure, Roy A. and Wong, Andrew and Wong, Tien Yin and Woo, Jean and Woodward, Mark and Wu, Frederick C. and Wu, Shouling and Wyszynska, Justyna and Xu, Haiquan and Xu, Liang and Yaacob, Nor Azwany and Yan, Weili and Yang, Ling and Yang, Xiaoguang and Yang, Yang and Yasuharu, Tabara and Ye, Xingwang and Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. and Yoosefi, Moein and Yoshihara, Akihiro and You, San-Lin and Younger-Coleman, Novie O. and Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi and Zainuddin, Ahmad A. and Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul and Zamani, Farhad and Zambon, Sabina and Zampelas, Antonis and Elisa Zapata, Maria and Zaw, Ko Ko and Zdrojewski, Tomasz and Zejglicova, Kristyna and Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic and Zeng, Yi and Zhang, Luxia and Zhang, Zhen-Yu and Zhao, Dong and Zhao, Ming-Hui and Zhen, Shiqi and Zheng, Yingfeng and Zholdin, Bekbolat and Zhu, Dan and Zins, Marie and Zitt, Emanuel and Zocalo, Yanina and Zoghlami, Nada and Zuniga Cisneros, Julio and Collaboration, NCD Risk Factor (2021) Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. LANCET, 398 (10304). pp. 957-980. |
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ftshahrekordunms:oai:eprints.skums.ac.ir:9230 2023-05-15T16:53:18+02:00 Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants Zhou, Bin Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. Danaei, Goodarz Riley, Leanne M. Paciorek, Christopher J. Stevens, Gretchen A. Gregg, Edward W. Bennett, James E. Solomon, Bethlehem Singleton, Rosie K. Sophiea, Marisa K. Iurilli, Maria L. C. Lhoste, Victor P. F. Cowan, Melanie J. Savin, Stefan Woodward, Mark Balanova, Yulia Cifkova, Renata Damasceno, Albertino Elliott, Paul Farzadfar, Farshad He, Jiang Ikeda, Nayu Kengne, Andre P. Khang, Young-Ho Kim, Hyeon Chang Laxmaiah, Avula Lin, Hsien-Ho Margozzini Maira, Paula Miranda, J. Jaime Neuhauser, Hannelore Sundstrom, Johan Varghese, Cherian Widyahening, Indah S. Zdrojewski, Tomasz Ezzati, Majid Abarca-Gomez, Leandra Abdeen, Ziad A. Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin Adams, Robert J. Aekplakorn, Wichai Afsana, Kaosar Afzal, Shoaib Agdeppa, Imelda A. Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A. Agyemang, Charles Ahmad, Noor Ani Ahmadi, Ali Ahmadi, Naser Ahmadi, Nastaran Ahmadizar, Fariba Ahmed, Soheir H. Ahrens, Wolfgang Ajlouni, Kamel Al-Raddadi, Rajaa Alarouj, Monira AlBuhairan, Fadia AlDhukair, Shahla Ali, Mohamed M. Alkandari, Abdullah Alkerwi, Ala'a Allin, Kristine Aly, Eman Amarapurkar, Deepak N. Amougou, Norbert Amouyel, Philippe Andersen, Lars Bo Anderssen, Sigmund A. Anjana, Ranjit Mohan Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza Ansong, Daniel Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer Araujo, Joana Ariansen, Inger Aris, Tahir Arku, Raphael E. Arlappa, Nimmathota Aryal, Krishna K. Aspelund, Thor Assah, Felix K. Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F. Auvinen, Juha Avdicova, Maria Azevedo, Ana Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen Azizi, Fereidoun Azmin, Mehrdad Babu, Bontha V. Bahijri, Suhad Balakrishna, Nagalla Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed Banach, Maciej Banadinovic, Maja Bandosz, Piotr Banegas, Jose R. Baran, Joanna Barbagallo, Carlo M. Barcelo, Alberto Barkat, Amina Barreto, Marta Barros, Aluisio J. D. Gomes Barros, Mauro Virgilio Bartosiewicz, Anna Basit, Abdul Bastos, Joao Luiz D. Bata, Iqbal Batieha, Anwar M. Batyrbek, Assembekov Baur, Louise A. Beaglehole, Robert Belavendra, Antonisamy Ben Romdhane, Habiba Benet, Mikhail Benson, Lowell S. Berkinbayev, Salim Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio Bettiol, Heloisa Bezerra, Jorge Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor Bhargava, Santosh K. Bia, Daniel Biasch, Katia Lele, Elysee Claude Bika Bikbov, Mukharram M. Bista, Bihungum Bjerregaard, Peter Bjertness, Espen Bjertness, Marius B. Bjorkelund, Cecilia Bloch, Katia V. Blokstra, Anneke Bo, Simona Bobak, Martin Boeing, Heiner Boggia, Jose G. Boissonnet, Carlos P. Bojesen, Stig E. Bongard, Vanina Bonilla-Vargas, Alice Bopp, Matthias Borghs, Herman Bovet, Pascal Boyer, Christopher B. Braeckman, Lutgart Brajkovich, Imperia Branca, Francesco Breckenkamp, Juergen Brenner, Hermann Brewster, Lizzy M. Briceno, Yajaira Brito, Miguel Bruno, Graziella Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas Bueno, Gloria Bugge, Anna Burns, Con Bursztyn, Michael Cabrera de Leon, Antonio Cacciottolo, Joseph Cameron, Christine Can, Gunay Candido, Ana Paula C. Capanzana, Mario V. Capkova, Nadezda Capuano, Eduardo Capuano, Vincenzo Cardoso, Viviane C. Carlsson, Axel C. Carvalho, Joana Casanueva, Felipe F. Censi, Laura Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin Chadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A. Chamukuttan, Snehalatha Chan, Angelique W. Chan, Queenie Chaturvedi, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Nish Chee, Miao Li Chen, Chien-Jen Chen, Fangfang Chen, Huashuai Chen, Shuohua Chen, Zhengming Cheng, Ching-Yu Cheraghian, Bahman Dekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui Chetrit, Angela Chien, Kuo-Liong Chiolero, Arnaud Chiou, Shu-Ti Chirita-Emandi, Adela Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores Cho, Belong Christensen, Kaare Christofaro, Diego G. Chudek, Jerzy Cinteza, Eliza Claessens, Frank Clarke, Janine Clays, Els Cohen, Emmanuel Concin, Hans Cooper, Cyrus Coppinger, Tara C. Costanzo, Simona Cottel, Dominique Cowell, Chris Craig, Cora L. Crampin, Amelia C. Crujeiras, Ana B. Cruz, Juan J. Csilla, Semanova Cui, Liufu Cureau, Felipe V. Cuschieri, Sarah D'Arrigo, Graziella d'Orsi, Eleonora Dallongeville, Jean Dankner, Rachel Dantoft, Thomas M. Dauchet, Luc Davletov, Kairat De Backer, Guy De Bacquer, Dirk De Curtis, Amalia de Gaetano, Giovanni De Henauw, Stefaan de Oliveira, Paula Duarte De Ridder, David De Smedt, Delphine Deepa, Mohan Deev, Alexander D. DeGennaro, Vincent Jr Delisle, Helene Demarest, Stefaan Dennison, Elaine Deschamps, Valerie Dhimal, Meghnath Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F. Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares Diaz, Alejandro Dickerson, Ty T. Dika, Zivka Djalalinia, Shirin Do, Ha T. P. Dobson, Annette J. Donfrancesco, Chiara Donoso, Silvana P. Doering, Angela Dorobantu, Maria Doerr, Marcus Doua, Kouamelan Dragano, Nico Drygas, Wojciech Duante, Charmaine A. Duboz, Priscilla Duda, Rosemary B. Dulskiene, Virginija Dushpanova, Anar Dzakula, Aleksandar Dzerve, Vilnis Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta Eddie, Ricky Eftekhar, Ebrahim Eggertsen, Robert Eghtesad, Sareh Eiben, Gabriele Ekelund, Ulf El-Khateeb, Mohammad El Ati, Jalila Eldemire-Shearer, Denise Eliasen, Marie Elosua, Roberto Erasmus, Rajiv T. Erbel, Raimund Erem, Cihangir Eriksen, Louise Eriksson, Johan G. Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge Eslami, Saeid Esmaeili, Ali Evans, Alun Faeh, David Fakhretdinova, Albina A. Fall, Caroline H. Faramarzi, Elnaz Farjam, Mojtaba Fattahi, Mohammad Reza Fawwad, Asher Felix-Redondo, Francisco J. Felix, Stephan B. Ferguson, Trevor S. Fernandes, Romulo A. Fernandez-Berges, Daniel Ferrante, Daniel Ferrao, Thomas Ferrari, Marika Ferrario, Marco M. Ferreccio, Catterina Ferreira, Haroldo S. Ferrer, Eldridge Ferrieres, Jean Figueiro, Thamara Hubler Fink, Gunther Fischer, Krista Foo, Leng Huat Forsner, Maria Fouad, Heba M. Francis, Damian K. Franco, Maria do Carmo Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth Frontera, Guillermo Fuchs, Flavio D. Fuchs, Sandra C. Fujita, Yuki Fumihiko, Matsuda Furdela, Viktoriya Furer, Ariel Furusawa, Takuro Gaciong, Zbigniew Galbarczyk, Andrzej Galenkamp, Henrike Galvano, Fabio Gao, Jingli Gao, Pei Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli Garcia, Pablo Gareta, Dickman Garnett, Sarah P. Gaspoz, Jean-Michel Gasull, Magda Gazzinelli, Andrea Gehring, Ulrike Geleijnse, Johanna M. George, Ronnie Ghanbari, Ali Ghasemi, Erfan Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina Ghimire, Anup Gialluisi, Alessandro Giampaoli, Simona Gieger, Christian Gill, Tiffany K. Giovannelli, Jonathan Gironella, Glen Giwercman, Aleksander Gkiouras, Konstantinos Goldberg, Marcel Goldsmith, Rebecca A. Gomez, Luis F. Gomula, Aleksandra Cordeiro da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Goncalves, Helen Goncalves, Mauer Gonzalez-Chica, David A. Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena Gonzalez, Angel R. Bonet Gorbea, Mariano Gottrand, Frederic Graff-Iversen, Sidsel Grafnetter, Dusan Grajda, Aneta Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Gregor, Ronald D. Grodzicki, Tomasz Grosso, Giuseppe Gruden, Gabriella Gu, Dongfeng Guan, Ong Peng Gudmundsson, Elias F. Gudnason, Vilmundur Guerrero, Ramiro Guessous, Idris Guimaraes, Andre L. Gulliford, Martin C. Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna Gunter, Marc J. Gupta, Prakash C. Gupta, Rajeev Gureje, Oye Gurzkowska, Beata Gutierrez, Laura Gutzwiller, Felix Ha, Seongjun Hadaegh, Farzad Haghshenas, Rosa Hakimi, Hamid Halkjaer, Jytte Hambleton, Ian R. Hamzeh, Behrooz Hange, Dominique Hanif, Abu A. M. Hantunen, Sari Hao, Jie Hardman, Carla Meneses Kumar, Rachakulla Hari Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad Hata, Jun Haugsgjerd, Teresa Hayes, Alison J. He, Yuna Heier, Margit Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth Henrique, Rafael dos Santos Henriques, Ana Cadena, Leticia Hernandez Herrala, Sauli Heshmat, Ramin Hill, Allan G. Ho, Sai Yin Ho, Suzanne C. Hobbs, Michael Holdsworth, Michelle Homayounfar, Reza Dinc, Gonul Horasan Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R. Hormiga, Claudia M. Horta, Bernardo L. Houti, Leila Howitt, Christina Htay, Thein Thein Htet, Aung Soe Htike, Maung Maung Than Hu, Yonghua Huerta, Jose Maria Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani Huiart, Laetitia Huisman, Martijn Husseini, Abdullatif S. Huybrechts, Inge Hwalla, Nahla Iacoviello, Licia Iannone, Anna G. Ibrahim, Mohsen M. Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim Ikram, M. Arfan Iotova, Violeta Irazola, Vilma E. Ishida, Takafumi Isiguzo, Godsent C. Islam, Muhammad Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Iwasaki, Masanori Jackson, Rod T. Jacobs, Jeremy M. Jaddou, Hashem Y. Jafar, Tazeen James, Kenneth Jamrozik, Konrad Janszky, Imre Janus, Edward Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta Jasienska, Grazyna Jelakovic, Ana Jelakovic, Bojan Jennings, Garry Jha, Anjani Kumar Jiang, Chao Qiang Jimenez, Ramon O. Joeckel, Karl-Heinz Joffres, Michel Johansson, Mattias Jokelainen, Jari J. Jonas, Jost B. Jorgensen, Torben Joshi, Pradeep Joukar, Farahnaz Jozwiak, Jacek Juolevi, Anne Jurak, Gregor Juresa, Vesna Kaaks, Rudolf Kafatos, Anthony Kajantie, Eero O. Kalmatayeva, Zhanna Kalpourtzi, Natasa Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra Kampmann, Freja B. Kannan, Srinivasan Karaglani, Eva Karhus, Line L. Karki, Khem B. Katibeh, Marzieh Katz, Joanne Kauhanen, Jussi Kaur, Prabhdeep Kavousi, Maryam Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M. Keil, Ulrich Boker, Lital Keinan Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka Kelishadi, Roya Kemper, Han C. G. Keramati, Maryam Kerimkulova, Alina Kersting, Mathilde Key, Timothy Khader, Yousef Saleh Khalili, Davood Khaw, Kay-Tee Kheiri, Bahareh Kheradmand, Motahareh Khosravi, Alireza Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula Kiechl, Stefan Killewo, Japhet Kim, Dong Wook Kim, Jeongseon Klakk, Heidi Klimek, Magdalena Klumbiene, Jurate Knoflach, Michael Kolle, Elin Kolsteren, Patrick Kontto, Jukka P. Korpelainen, Raija Korrovits, Paul Kos, Jelena Koskinen, Seppo Kouda, Katsuyasu Kowlessur, Sudhir Koziel, Slawomir Kratenova, Jana Kriaucioniene, Vilma Kristensen, Peter Lund Krokstad, Steiner Kromhout, Daan Kruger, Herculina S. Kubinova, Ruzena Kuciene, Renata Kujala, Urho M. Kulaga, Zbigniew Kumar, R. Krishna Kurjata, Pawel Kusuma, Yadlapalli S. Kutsenko, Vladimir Kuulasmaa, Kari Kyobutungi, Catherine Laatikainen, Tiina Lachat, Carl Laid, Youcef Lam, Tai Hing Landrove, Orlando Lanska, Vera Lappas, Georg Larijani, Bagher Latt, Tint Swe Le Coroller, Gwenaelle Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen Le, Tuyen D. Lee, Jeannette Lee, Jeonghee Lehmann, Nils Lehtimaki, Terho Lemogoum, Daniel Levitt, Naomi S. Li, Yanping Lilly, Christa L. Lim, Wei-Yen Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda Lin, Xu Lin, Yi-Ting Lind, Lars Lingam, Vijaya Linneberg, Allan Lissner, Lauren Litwin, Mieczyslaw Lo, Wei-Cheng Loit, Helle-Mai Lopez-Garcia, Esther Lopez, Tania Lotufo, Paulo A. Lozano, Jose Eugenio Lovrencic, Iva Lukacevic Lukrafka, Janice L. Luksiene, Dalia Lundqvist, Annamari Lundqvist, Robert Lunet, Nuno Lustigova, Michala Luszczki, Edyta Ma, Guansheng Ma, Jun Machado-Coelho, George L. L. Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M. Macia, Enguerran Macieira, Luisa M. Madar, Ahmed A. Maggi, Stefania Magliano, Dianna J. Magriplis, Emmanuella Mahasampath, Gowri Maire, Bernard Majer, Marjeta Makdisse, Marcia Malekzadeh, Fatemeh Malekzadeh, Reza Malhotra, Rahul Mallikharjuna, Kodavanti Malyutina, Sofia K. Maniego, Lynell V. Manios, Yannis Mann, Jim I. Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz Manzato, Enzo Marcil, Anie Margozzini, Paula Marild, Staffan B. Glavic, Mihalea Marinovic Marques-Vidal, Pedro Marques, Larissa Pruner Marrugat, Jaume Martorell, Reynaldo Mascarenhas, Luis P. Matasin, Marija Mathiesen, Ellisiv B. Mathur, Prashant Matijasevich, Alicia Matlosz, Piotr Matsha, Tandi E. Mavrogianni, Christina Mbanya, Jean Claude N. Mc Donald Posso, Anselmo J. McFarlane, Shelly R. McGarvey, Stephen T. McLachlan, Stela McLean, Rachael M. McLean, Scott B. McNulty, Breige A. Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene Medzioniene, Jurate Mehdipour, Parinaz Mehlig, Kirsten Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang Meirhaeghe, Aline Meisinger, Christa Mendoza Montano, Carlos Menezes, Ana Maria B. Menon, Geetha R. Mereke, Alibek Meshram, Indrapal I. Metspalu, Andres Meyer, Haakon E. Mi, Jie Michels, Nathalie Mikkel, Kairit Milkowska, Karolina Miller, Jody C. Minderico, Claudia S. Mini, G. K. Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza Mirrakhimov, Erkin Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta Modesti, Pietro A. 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Sadjadi, Alireza Safarpour, Ali Reza Safi, Sare Safiri, Saeid Saidi, Olfa Sakarya, Sibel Saki, Nader Salanave, Benoit Salazar Martinez, Eduardo Salmeron, Diego Salomaa, Veikko Salonen, Jukka T. Salvetti, Massimo Sanchez-Abanto, Jose Sans, Susana Santos, Diana A. Santos, Ina S. Santos, Lelita C. Santos, Maria Paula Santos, Rute Saramies, Jouko L. Sardinha, Luis B. Sarganas, Giselle Sarrafzadegan, Nizal Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu Saum, Kai-Uwe Savva, Savvas Sawada, Norie Sbaraini, Mariana Scazufca, Marcia Schaan, Beatriz D. Schargrodsky, Herman Schipf, Sabine Schmidt, Carsten O. Schnohr, Peter Schoettker, Ben Schramm, Sara Schultsz, Constance Schutte, Aletta E. Sebert, Sylvain Sein, Aye Aye Sen, Abhijit Senbanjo, Idowu O. Sepanlou, Sadaf G. Servais, Jennifer Shalnova, Svetlana A. Shamah-Levy, Teresa Shamshirgaran, Morteza Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam Sharafkhah, Maryam Sharma, Sanjib K. Shaw, Jonathan E. 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Stessman, Jochanan Stieber, Jutta Stoeckl, Doris Stocks, Tanja Stokwiszewski, Jakub Stronks, Karien Strufaldi, Maria Wany Suka, Machi Sun, Chien-An Sung, Yn-Tz Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul Sy, Rody G. Syddall, Holly E. Sylva, Rene Charles Szklo, Moyses Tai, E. Shyong Tammesoo, Mari-Liis Tamosiunas, Abdonas Tan, Eng Joo Tang, Xun Tanser, Frank Tao, Yong Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B. Taylor, Anne Taylor, Julie Tebar, William R. Tell, Grethe S. Tello, Tania Tham, Yih Chung 2021 text http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/ http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/1/1-s2.0-S0140673621013301-main.pdf en eng ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC http://eprints.skums.ac.ir/9230/1/1-s2.0-S0140673621013301-main.pdf Zhou, Bin and Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M. and Danaei, Goodarz and Riley, Leanne M. and Paciorek, Christopher J. and Stevens, Gretchen A. and Gregg, Edward W. and Bennett, James E. and Solomon, Bethlehem and Singleton, Rosie K. and Sophiea, Marisa K. and Iurilli, Maria L. C. and Lhoste, Victor P. 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A. and Peres, Marco A. and Peters, Annette and Petkeviciene, Janina and Peykari, Niloofar and Pham, Son Thai and Pichardo, Rafael N. and Pigeot, Iris and Pikhart, Hynek and Pilav, Aida and Pilotto, Lorenza and Pitakaka, Freda and Piwonska, Aleksandra and Pizarro, Andreia N. and Plans-Rubio, Pedro and Polasek, Ozren and Porta, Miquel and Poudyal, Anil and Pourfarzi, Farhad and Pourshams, Akram and Poustchi, Hossein and Pradeepa, Rajendra and Price, Alison J. and Price, Jacqueline F. and Providencia, Rui and Puhakka, Soile E. and Puiu, Maria and Punab, Margus and Qasrawi, Radwan F. and Qorbani, Mostafa and Queiroz, Daniel and Bao, Tran Quoc and Radic, Ivana and Radisauskas, Ricardas and Rahimikazerooni, Salar and Rahman, Mahfuzar and Raitakari, Olli and Raj, Manu and Rakhimova, Ellina M. and Rao, Sudha Ramachandra and Ramachandran, Ambady and Ramos, Elisabete and Rampal, Lekhraj and Rampal, Sanjay and Rangel Reina, Daniel A. and Rarra, Vayia and Rech, Cassiano Ricardo and Redon, Josep and Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M. and Regecova, Valeria and Revilla, Luis and Rezaianzadeh, Abbas and Ribeiro, Robespierre and Riboli, Elio and Richter, Adrian and Rigo, Fernando and de Wit, Tobias F. 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A. and Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan and Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan and Wanderley Junior, Rildo de Souza and Wang, Ming-Dong and Wang, Ningli and Wang, Qian and Wang, Xiangjun and Wang, Ya Xing and Wang, Ying-Wei and Wannamethee, S. Goya and Wareham, Nicholas and Wei, Wenbin and Weres, Aneta and Werner, Bo and Whincup, Peter H. and Widhalm, Kurt and Widyahening, Indah S. and Wiecek, Andrzej and Wilks, Rainford J. and Willeit, Johann and Willeit, Peter and Williams, Emmanuel A. and Wilsgaard, Tom and Wojtyniak, Bogdan and Wong-McClure, Roy A. and Wong, Andrew and Wong, Tien Yin and Woo, Jean and Woodward, Mark and Wu, Frederick C. and Wu, Shouling and Wyszynska, Justyna and Xu, Haiquan and Xu, Liang and Yaacob, Nor Azwany and Yan, Weili and Yang, Ling and Yang, Xiaoguang and Yang, Yang and Yasuharu, Tabara and Ye, Xingwang and Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. and Yoosefi, Moein and Yoshihara, Akihiro and You, San-Lin and Younger-Coleman, Novie O. and Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi and Zainuddin, Ahmad A. and Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul and Zamani, Farhad and Zambon, Sabina and Zampelas, Antonis and Elisa Zapata, Maria and Zaw, Ko Ko and Zdrojewski, Tomasz and Zejglicova, Kristyna and Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic and Zeng, Yi and Zhang, Luxia and Zhang, Zhen-Yu and Zhao, Dong and Zhao, Ming-Hui and Zhen, Shiqi and Zheng, Yingfeng and Zholdin, Bekbolat and Zhu, Dan and Zins, Marie and Zitt, Emanuel and Zocalo, Yanina and Zoghlami, Nada and Zuniga Cisneros, Julio and Collaboration, NCD Risk Factor (2021) Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. LANCET, 398 (10304). pp. 957-980. WA. 900 Vital Statistics Article PeerReviewed 2021 ftshahrekordunms 2022-01-08T18:41:30Z Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. Copyright (C) 2021 World Health Organization; licensee Elsevier. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Shahrekord University Of Medical Sciences: Research information management system Canada |