Accelerated carbon dioxide deliming of cattle hides and sheepskins

• Main Author: Flowers, Karl Bernard
• Format: Master Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Rhodes University 2002
• Subjects: Tanning; Hides and skins; Carbon dioxide; Carbonic acid
• Online Access: http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3918; http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003977

To avoid environmental pressure from water authorities, specifically regarding nitrogen and sulfate limits in tannery wastewater, modifications to existing deliming processes have been made. Conventional ammonium salt deliming methods contribute to Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen values in the region of 0.5 – 1.0g/L (33-67% of total TKN). Sulfate levels are increased with the use of organic deliming and ammonium sulfate deliming to the extent of 0.9g/L (27% of total sulfate). To understand the dynamics and kinetics of carbon dioxide equilibrium, the movement of carbon dioxide into deliming water, through carbonic acid, bicarbonate and ultimately into carbonates at liming or early deliming pH was studied. It was shown in this study that effective lime removal, at optimum conditions, resulted in fully delimed pelts at highly comparable quality and times compared to conventional ammonium salt deliming