Supplementary methods and model summary outputs from Diel CO 2 cycles and parental effects have similar benefits to growth of a coral reef fish under ocean acidification

• Main Authors: Michael D. Jarrold, Philip L. Munday
• Format: Other Non-Article Part of Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2019
• Subjects: Evolutionary Biology; Environmental Science; parental effects; trans-generational phenotypic plasticity; acclimation; pH variability; daily fluctuations; coral reefs; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7642277.v1; https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplementary_methods_and_model_summary_outputs_from_Diel_CO_sub_2_sub_cycles_and_parental_effects_have_similar_benefits_to_growth_of_a_coral_reef_fish_under_ocean_acidification/7642277

Parental effects have been shown to buffer the negative effects of within-generation exposure to ocean acidification (OA) conditions on the offspring of shallow water marine organisms. However, it remains unknown if parental effects will be impacted by the presence of diel CO 2 cycles that are prevalent in many shallow water marine habitats. Here, we examined the effects that parental exposure to stable elevated (1000 μatm) and diel-cycling elevated (1000 ± 300 μatm) CO 2 had on the survival and growth of juvenile coral reef anemonefish, Amphiprion melanopus . Juvenile survival was unaffected by within-generation exposure to both elevated CO 2 treatments but was significantly increased (8%) by parental exposure to diel-cycling elevated CO 2 . Within-generation exposure to stable elevated CO 2 caused a significant reduction in juvenile growth (10.7–18.5%); however, there was no effect of elevated CO 2 on growth when diel CO 2 cycles were present. Parental exposure to stable elevated CO 2 also ameliorated the negative effects of elevated CO 2 on juvenile growth, and parental exposure to diel CO 2 cycles did not alter the effects of diel CO 2 in juveniles. Our results demonstrate that within-generation exposure to diel-cycling elevated CO 2 and parental exposure to stable elevated CO 2 had similar outcomes on juvenile condition. This study illustrates the importance of considering natural CO 2 cycles when predicting the long-term impacts of OA on marine ecosystems.