A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants
We report a previously undescribed member of the Helotiales that is superabundant in soils at two maritime Antarctic islands under Antarctic Hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica Desv.). High throughput sequencing showed that up to 92% of DNA reads, and 68% of RNA reads, in soils from the islands were a...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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Frontiers Media SA
2020
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Online Access: | https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/98316/a-previously-undescribed-helotialean-fungus-that-is-superabundant-in-soil-under-maritime-antarctic-higher-plants https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/download/2ca2fece534c8882a269634d8975508d51e86015bc897ffa36800d25bfa02b45/6528240/fmicb-11-615608.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 |
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ftrothamstedres:oai:repository.rothamsted.ac.uk:98316 2023-05-15T13:56:55+02:00 A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants Newsham, K. K. Cox, F. Sands, C. J. Garnett, M. H. Magan, N. Horrocks, C. A. Dungait, J. A. J. Robinson, C. H. 2020 application/pdf https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/98316/a-previously-undescribed-helotialean-fungus-that-is-superabundant-in-soil-under-maritime-antarctic-higher-plants https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/download/2ca2fece534c8882a269634d8975508d51e86015bc897ffa36800d25bfa02b45/6528240/fmicb-11-615608.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 unknown Frontiers Media SA https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/download/2ca2fece534c8882a269634d8975508d51e86015bc897ffa36800d25bfa02b45/6528240/fmicb-11-615608.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 Newsham, K. K., Cox, F., Sands, C. J., Garnett, M. H., Magan, N., Horrocks, C. A., Dungait, J. A. J. and Robinson, C. H. 2020. A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11, p. 615608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 Antarctica 14C Carbon-14 Carbon 13C Chalara Helotiales journal-article 2020 ftrothamstedres https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 2022-08-09T17:05:27Z We report a previously undescribed member of the Helotiales that is superabundant in soils at two maritime Antarctic islands under Antarctic Hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica Desv.). High throughput sequencing showed that up to 92% of DNA reads, and 68% of RNA reads, in soils from the islands were accounted for by the fungus. Sequencing of the large subunit region of ribosomal (r)DNA places the fungus close to the Pezizellaceae, Porodiplodiaceae, and Sclerotiniaceae, with analyses of internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA indicating that it has affinities to previously unnamed soil and root fungi from alpine, cool temperate and Low Arctic regions. The fungus was found to be most frequent in soils containing C aged to 1,000–1,200 years before present. The relative abundances of its DNA and RNA reads were positively associated with soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations and δ13C values, with the relative abundance of its DNA being negatively associated with soil pH value. An isolate of the fungus produces flask-shaped phialides with a pronounced venter bearing masses of conidia measuring 4.5–6(7) × 1.8–2.5 μm, suggestive of anamorphic Chalara. Enzymatic studies indicate that the isolate strongly synthesizes the extracellular enzyme acid phosphatase, and also exhibits alkaline phosphatase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase activities. Ecophysiological measurements indicate optimal hyphal growth of the isolate at a pH of 4.2–4.5 and a water potential of −0.66 MPa. The isolate is a psychrotroph, exhibiting measureable hyphal growth at −2°C, optimal hyphal extension rate at 15°C and negligible growth at 25°C. It is proposed that the rising temperatures that are predicted to occur in maritime Antarctica later this century will increase the growth rate of the fungus, with the potential loss of ancient C from soils. Analyses using the GlobalFungi Database indicate that the fungus is present in cold, acidic soils on all continents. We advocate further studies to identify whether it is superabundant in soils under ... Other/Unknown Material Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Research) Antarctic Arctic Frontiers in Microbiology 11 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Research) |
op_collection_id |
ftrothamstedres |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Antarctica 14C Carbon-14 Carbon 13C Chalara Helotiales |
spellingShingle |
Antarctica 14C Carbon-14 Carbon 13C Chalara Helotiales Newsham, K. K. Cox, F. Sands, C. J. Garnett, M. H. Magan, N. Horrocks, C. A. Dungait, J. A. J. Robinson, C. H. A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants |
topic_facet |
Antarctica 14C Carbon-14 Carbon 13C Chalara Helotiales |
description |
We report a previously undescribed member of the Helotiales that is superabundant in soils at two maritime Antarctic islands under Antarctic Hairgrass (Deschampsia antarctica Desv.). High throughput sequencing showed that up to 92% of DNA reads, and 68% of RNA reads, in soils from the islands were accounted for by the fungus. Sequencing of the large subunit region of ribosomal (r)DNA places the fungus close to the Pezizellaceae, Porodiplodiaceae, and Sclerotiniaceae, with analyses of internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA indicating that it has affinities to previously unnamed soil and root fungi from alpine, cool temperate and Low Arctic regions. The fungus was found to be most frequent in soils containing C aged to 1,000–1,200 years before present. The relative abundances of its DNA and RNA reads were positively associated with soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations and δ13C values, with the relative abundance of its DNA being negatively associated with soil pH value. An isolate of the fungus produces flask-shaped phialides with a pronounced venter bearing masses of conidia measuring 4.5–6(7) × 1.8–2.5 μm, suggestive of anamorphic Chalara. Enzymatic studies indicate that the isolate strongly synthesizes the extracellular enzyme acid phosphatase, and also exhibits alkaline phosphatase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase activities. Ecophysiological measurements indicate optimal hyphal growth of the isolate at a pH of 4.2–4.5 and a water potential of −0.66 MPa. The isolate is a psychrotroph, exhibiting measureable hyphal growth at −2°C, optimal hyphal extension rate at 15°C and negligible growth at 25°C. It is proposed that the rising temperatures that are predicted to occur in maritime Antarctica later this century will increase the growth rate of the fungus, with the potential loss of ancient C from soils. Analyses using the GlobalFungi Database indicate that the fungus is present in cold, acidic soils on all continents. We advocate further studies to identify whether it is superabundant in soils under ... |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Newsham, K. K. Cox, F. Sands, C. J. Garnett, M. H. Magan, N. Horrocks, C. A. Dungait, J. A. J. Robinson, C. H. |
author_facet |
Newsham, K. K. Cox, F. Sands, C. J. Garnett, M. H. Magan, N. Horrocks, C. A. Dungait, J. A. J. Robinson, C. H. |
author_sort |
Newsham, K. K. |
title |
A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants |
title_short |
A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants |
title_full |
A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants |
title_fullStr |
A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants |
title_sort |
previously undescribed helotialean fungus that is superabundant in soil under maritime antarctic higher plants |
publisher |
Frontiers Media SA |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/item/98316/a-previously-undescribed-helotialean-fungus-that-is-superabundant-in-soil-under-maritime-antarctic-higher-plants https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/download/2ca2fece534c8882a269634d8975508d51e86015bc897ffa36800d25bfa02b45/6528240/fmicb-11-615608.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Arctic |
op_relation |
https://repository.rothamsted.ac.uk/download/2ca2fece534c8882a269634d8975508d51e86015bc897ffa36800d25bfa02b45/6528240/fmicb-11-615608.pdf https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 Newsham, K. K., Cox, F., Sands, C. J., Garnett, M. H., Magan, N., Horrocks, C. A., Dungait, J. A. J. and Robinson, C. H. 2020. A Previously Undescribed Helotialean Fungus That Is Superabundant in Soil Under Maritime Antarctic Higher Plants. Frontiers in Microbiology. 11, p. 615608. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.615608 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
11 |
_version_ |
1766264525310394368 |