Recent Demographic History and Present Fine-Scale Structure in the Northwest Atlantic Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) Turtle Population.

• Published in: PLoS ONE
• Main Authors: Molfetti, Erica, Torres Vilaça, Sibelle, Georges, Jean-Yves, Plot, Virginie, Delcroix, Eric, Le Scao, Rozen, Lavergne, Anne, Barrioz, Sébastien, dos Santos, Fabrício Rodrigues, de Thoisy, Benoît
• Other Authors: Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Minas Gerais (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais = Federal University of Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte, Brazil (UFMG), Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, ONCFS
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2013
• Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences; [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology; environment; Northwest Atlantic
• Online Access: https://hal.science/hal-00805170; https://hal.science/hal-00805170/document; https://hal.science/hal-00805170/file/Molfetti_plosone_2013.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058061

International audience The leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea is the most widely distributed sea turtle species in the world. It exhibits complex life traits: female homing and migration, migrations of juveniles and males that remain poorly known, and a strong climatic influence on resources, breeding success and sex-ratio. It is consequently challenging to understand population dynamics. Leatherbacks are critically endangered, yet the group from the Northwest Atlantic is currently considered to be under lower risk than other populations while hosting some of the largest rookeries. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and the demographic history of contrasted rookeries from this group, namely two large nesting populations in French Guiana, and a smaller one in the French West Indies. We used 10 microsatellite loci, of which four are newly isolated, and mitochondrial DNA sequences of the control region and cytochrome b. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed that the Northwest Atlantic stock of leatherbacks derives from a single ancestral origin, but show current genetic structuration at the scale of nesting sites, with the maintenance of migrants amongst rookeries. Low nuclear genetic diversities are related to founder effects that followed consequent bottlenecks during the late Pleistocene/Holocene. Most probably in response to climatic oscillations, with a possible influence of early human hunting, female effective population sizes collapsed from 2 million to 200. Evidence of founder effects and high numbers of migrants make it possible to reconsider the population dynamics of the species, formerly considered as a metapopulation model: we propose a more relaxed island model, which we expect to be a key element in the currently observed recovering of populations. Although these Northwest Atlantic rookeries should be considered as a single evolutionary unit, we stress that local conservation efforts remain necessary since each nesting site hosts part of the genetic diversity and species ...