ANTARCTIC GLACIAL CHRONOLOGY REFLECTED IN THE OLIGOCENE THROUGH PLIOCENE SEDIMENTARY SECTION IN THE ROSS SEA

• Main Author: BALSHAW-BIDDLE, KATHERINE M.
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: 1981
• Subjects: Geology; Antarctic; East Antarctica; Ross Ice Shelf; Ross Sea; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; West Antarctica; Antarc*; Antarctica; Ice Sheet; Ice Shelf; Ice Shelves
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1911/15595

Over 24% of the ice surface area covering East and West Antarctica drains into the Ross Sea and supplies the Ross Ice Shelf. The dominant proportion of this ice originates from the West Antarctic subcontinent. Thus, any change in the glacial regime in West Antarctica, and to a lesser extent East Antarctica, may well be preserved in the thick sequence of sediments underlying the Ross Sea. The Oligocene through Pliocene portion of this glacial marine section is studied using depositional models derived from the abundant piston core data in the region. The sedimentologic evidence from the Ross Sea glacial section is combined with evidence from the literature to establish a glacial chronology for the East and West Antarctic subcontinents. The West Antarctic archipelago was completely glaciated by late Oligocene time. This condition is indicated by the youngest occurrence of stripped soil-minerals in upper Oligocene marine sediments in the central Ross Sea, which are immediately overlain by sediments of the same age containing the oldest IRD in the region. Ice shelves then began to develop around these islands in the late Oligocene and early Miocene, as evidenced by fluctuations in the percentages of IRD (ice-rafted debris) and by the occurrences of zones containing visually massive pebbly mudstones within the Ross Sea section. These ice shelves coalesced to form an ice sheet over West Antarctica, including the Ross Sea, in the middle Miocene. IRD percentages in the Ross Sea glacial section increased rapidly at this time and remained high through the late Miocene and early Pliocene as the Ross Ice Sheet developed and expanded. The initial coalescing of the West Antarctic ice sheet probably corresponds to Vail and Hardenbols' (1979) eustatic sea-level drop at 14 myB.P., in the mid Miocene. Renewed growth and expansion of the Ross Ice Shelf is indicated in the latest Miocene and early Pliocene Ross Sea glacial section by high percentages of IRD (20-40%), deposition of a basal till, and finally by erosion of a portion ...