A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500
The Earth System Climate Model from the University of Victoria is used to investigate changes in ocean properties such as heat content, temperature, salinity, density and circulation during 1500 to 2000, the time period which includes the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1500-1850) and the industrial era (1850...
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ftreroch:oai:doc.rero.ch:319676 2023-05-15T14:56:56+02:00 A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 Sedláček, Jan Mysak, Lawrence 2018-06-18T17:56:11Z http://doc.rero.ch/record/319676/files/382_2008_Article_503.pdf eng eng http://doc.rero.ch/record/319676/files/382_2008_Article_503.pdf 2018 ftreroch 2023-02-16T17:32:20Z The Earth System Climate Model from the University of Victoria is used to investigate changes in ocean properties such as heat content, temperature, salinity, density and circulation during 1500 to 2000, the time period which includes the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1500-1850) and the industrial era (1850-2000). We force the model with two different wind-stress fields which take into account the North Atlantic Oscillation. Furthermore, temporally varying radiative forcings due to volcanic activity, insolation changes and greenhouse gas changes are also implemented. We find that changes in the upper ocean (0-300m) heat content are mainly driven by changes in radiative forcing, except in the polar regions where the varying wind-stress induces changes in ocean heat content. In the full ocean (0-3,000m) the wind-driven effects tend to reduce, prior to 1700, the downward trend in the ocean heat content caused by the radiative forcing. Afterwards no dynamical effect is visible. The colder ocean temperatures in the top 600m during the LIA are caused by changes in radiative forcing, while the cooling at the bottom is wind-driven. The changes in salinity are small except in the Arctic Ocean. The reduced salinity content in the subsurface Arctic Ocean during the LIA is a result from reduced wind-driven inflow of saline water from the North Atlantic. At the surface of the Arctic Ocean the changes in salinity are caused by changes in sea-ice thickness. The changes in density are a composite picture of the temperature and salinity changes. Furthermore, changes in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are caused mainly by a varying wind-stress forcing; the additional buoyancy driven changes due to the radiative forcings are small. The simulated MOC is reduced during the LIA as compared to the industrial era. On the other hand, the ventilation rate in the Southern Ocean is increased during the LIA Other/Unknown Material Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice Southern Ocean RERO DOC Digital Library Arctic Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean |
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English |
description |
The Earth System Climate Model from the University of Victoria is used to investigate changes in ocean properties such as heat content, temperature, salinity, density and circulation during 1500 to 2000, the time period which includes the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1500-1850) and the industrial era (1850-2000). We force the model with two different wind-stress fields which take into account the North Atlantic Oscillation. Furthermore, temporally varying radiative forcings due to volcanic activity, insolation changes and greenhouse gas changes are also implemented. We find that changes in the upper ocean (0-300m) heat content are mainly driven by changes in radiative forcing, except in the polar regions where the varying wind-stress induces changes in ocean heat content. In the full ocean (0-3,000m) the wind-driven effects tend to reduce, prior to 1700, the downward trend in the ocean heat content caused by the radiative forcing. Afterwards no dynamical effect is visible. The colder ocean temperatures in the top 600m during the LIA are caused by changes in radiative forcing, while the cooling at the bottom is wind-driven. The changes in salinity are small except in the Arctic Ocean. The reduced salinity content in the subsurface Arctic Ocean during the LIA is a result from reduced wind-driven inflow of saline water from the North Atlantic. At the surface of the Arctic Ocean the changes in salinity are caused by changes in sea-ice thickness. The changes in density are a composite picture of the temperature and salinity changes. Furthermore, changes in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are caused mainly by a varying wind-stress forcing; the additional buoyancy driven changes due to the radiative forcings are small. The simulated MOC is reduced during the LIA as compared to the industrial era. On the other hand, the ventilation rate in the Southern Ocean is increased during the LIA |
author |
Sedláček, Jan Mysak, Lawrence |
spellingShingle |
Sedláček, Jan Mysak, Lawrence A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 |
author_facet |
Sedláček, Jan Mysak, Lawrence |
author_sort |
Sedláček, Jan |
title |
A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 |
title_short |
A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 |
title_full |
A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 |
title_fullStr |
A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 |
title_full_unstemmed |
A model study of the Little Ice Age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 |
title_sort |
model study of the little ice age and beyond: changes in ocean heat content, hydrography and circulation since 1500 |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://doc.rero.ch/record/319676/files/382_2008_Article_503.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Southern Ocean Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://doc.rero.ch/record/319676/files/382_2008_Article_503.pdf |
_version_ |
1766328998908919808 |