Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)

The Rubiaceae tribe Rubieae has a world-wide distribution with up to 1,000 species. These collectively exhibit an enormous ecological and morphological diversity, making Rubieae an excellent group for macro- and microevolutionary studies. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses used only a limited...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Friedrich Ehrendorfer, Michael H J Barfuss, Jean-Francois Manen, Gerald M Schneeweiss
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:unknown
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615&type=printable
id ftrepec:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0207615
record_format openpolar
spelling ftrepec:oai:RePEc:plo:pone00:0207615 2023-05-15T17:36:00+02:00 Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae) Friedrich Ehrendorfer Michael H J Barfuss Jean-Francois Manen Gerald M Schneeweiss https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615&type=printable unknown https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615&type=printable article ftrepec 2020-12-04T13:36:10Z The Rubiaceae tribe Rubieae has a world-wide distribution with up to 1,000 species. These collectively exhibit an enormous ecological and morphological diversity, making Rubieae an excellent group for macro- and microevolutionary studies. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses used only a limited sampling within the tribe or missed lineages crucial for understanding character evolution in this group. Here, we analyze sequences from two plastid spacer regions as well as morphological and biogeographic data from an extensive and evenly distributed sampling to establish a sound phylogenetic framework. This framework serves as a basis for our investigation of the evolution of important morphological characters and the biogeographic history of the Rubieae. The tribe includes three major clades, the Kelloggiinae Clade (Kelloggia), the Rubiinae Clade (Didymaea, Rubia) and the most species-rich Galiinae Clade (Asperula, Callipeltis, Crucianella, Cruciata, Galium, Mericarpaea, Phuopsis, Sherardia, Valantia). Within the Galiinae Clade, the largest genera Galium and Asperula are para- and polyphyletic, respectively. Smaller clades, however, usually correspond to currently recognized taxa (small genera or sections within genera), which may be used as starting points for a refined classification in this clade. Life-form (perennial versus annual), flower shape (long versus short corolla tube) and fruit characters (dry versus fleshy, with or without uncinate hairs) are highly homoplasious and have changed multiple times independently. Inference on the evolution of leaf whorls, a characteristic feature of the tribe, is sensitive to model choice. Multi-parted leaf whorls appear to have originated from opposite leaves with two small interpetiolar stipules that are subsequently enlarged and increased in number. Early diversification of Rubieae probably started during the Miocene in western Eurasia. Disjunctions between the Old and the New World possibly are due to connections via a North Atlantic land bridge. Diversification of the Galiineae Clade started later in the Miocene, probably in the Mediterranean, from where lineages reached, often multiple times, Africa, eastern Asia and further on the Americas and Australia. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic RePEc (Research Papers in Economics)
institution Open Polar
collection RePEc (Research Papers in Economics)
op_collection_id ftrepec
language unknown
description The Rubiaceae tribe Rubieae has a world-wide distribution with up to 1,000 species. These collectively exhibit an enormous ecological and morphological diversity, making Rubieae an excellent group for macro- and microevolutionary studies. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses used only a limited sampling within the tribe or missed lineages crucial for understanding character evolution in this group. Here, we analyze sequences from two plastid spacer regions as well as morphological and biogeographic data from an extensive and evenly distributed sampling to establish a sound phylogenetic framework. This framework serves as a basis for our investigation of the evolution of important morphological characters and the biogeographic history of the Rubieae. The tribe includes three major clades, the Kelloggiinae Clade (Kelloggia), the Rubiinae Clade (Didymaea, Rubia) and the most species-rich Galiinae Clade (Asperula, Callipeltis, Crucianella, Cruciata, Galium, Mericarpaea, Phuopsis, Sherardia, Valantia). Within the Galiinae Clade, the largest genera Galium and Asperula are para- and polyphyletic, respectively. Smaller clades, however, usually correspond to currently recognized taxa (small genera or sections within genera), which may be used as starting points for a refined classification in this clade. Life-form (perennial versus annual), flower shape (long versus short corolla tube) and fruit characters (dry versus fleshy, with or without uncinate hairs) are highly homoplasious and have changed multiple times independently. Inference on the evolution of leaf whorls, a characteristic feature of the tribe, is sensitive to model choice. Multi-parted leaf whorls appear to have originated from opposite leaves with two small interpetiolar stipules that are subsequently enlarged and increased in number. Early diversification of Rubieae probably started during the Miocene in western Eurasia. Disjunctions between the Old and the New World possibly are due to connections via a North Atlantic land bridge. Diversification of the Galiineae Clade started later in the Miocene, probably in the Mediterranean, from where lineages reached, often multiple times, Africa, eastern Asia and further on the Americas and Australia.
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Friedrich Ehrendorfer
Michael H J Barfuss
Jean-Francois Manen
Gerald M Schneeweiss
spellingShingle Friedrich Ehrendorfer
Michael H J Barfuss
Jean-Francois Manen
Gerald M Schneeweiss
Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)
author_facet Friedrich Ehrendorfer
Michael H J Barfuss
Jean-Francois Manen
Gerald M Schneeweiss
author_sort Friedrich Ehrendorfer
title Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)
title_short Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)
title_full Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)
title_fullStr Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)
title_full_unstemmed Phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae)
title_sort phylogeny, character evolution and spatiotemporal diversification of the species-rich and world-wide distributed tribe rubieae (rubiaceae)
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615&type=printable
genre North Atlantic
genre_facet North Atlantic
op_relation https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0207615&type=printable
_version_ 1766135331832201216