Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality
This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women’s self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a two (pr...
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ftrepec:oai:RePEc:eee:joepsy:v:33:y:2012:i:2:p:325-341 2024-04-14T08:13:44+00:00 Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel van der Zwan, Peter http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487011000249 unknown http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487011000249 article ftrepec 2024-03-19T10:29:27Z This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women’s self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a two (probit) equation model. It makes a systematic distinction between different ways in which gender influences the preference for and actual involvement in self-employment (mediation and moderation). It includes perceived ability as a potential driver of self-employment next to risk attitude, self-employed parents and other socio-demographic drivers. A representative data set of more than 8000 individuals from 29 countries (25 EU Member States, US, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) is used (the 2004 Flash Eurobarometer survey). The findings show that women’s lower preference for becoming self-employed plays an important role in explaining their lower involvement in self-employment and that a gender effect remains that may point at gender-based obstacles to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial personality; Determinants of entrepreneurship; Gender; Latent and nascent entrepreneurship; Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) Norway |
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RePEc (Research Papers in Economics) |
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This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women’s self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a two (probit) equation model. It makes a systematic distinction between different ways in which gender influences the preference for and actual involvement in self-employment (mediation and moderation). It includes perceived ability as a potential driver of self-employment next to risk attitude, self-employed parents and other socio-demographic drivers. A representative data set of more than 8000 individuals from 29 countries (25 EU Member States, US, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) is used (the 2004 Flash Eurobarometer survey). The findings show that women’s lower preference for becoming self-employed plays an important role in explaining their lower involvement in self-employment and that a gender effect remains that may point at gender-based obstacles to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurial personality; Determinants of entrepreneurship; Gender; Latent and nascent entrepreneurship; |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel van der Zwan, Peter |
spellingShingle |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel van der Zwan, Peter Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
author_facet |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, Isabel van der Zwan, Peter |
author_sort |
Verheul, Ingrid |
title |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_short |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_full |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_fullStr |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_full_unstemmed |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: Gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
title_sort |
explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: gender and the entrepreneurial personality |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487011000249 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167487011000249 |
_version_ |
1796311775479595008 |