A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride
Although anthropogenic fluoride (F−) pollution is a serious worldwide environmental problem, only a few countries have currently established national water quality criteria to protect freshwater biota. In this paper, I carry out a comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Cana...
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ftrecyt:oai:recyt.fecyt.es:article/96628 2024-06-23T07:51:25+00:00 A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride Camargo, Julio 2024-06-06 application/pdf https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Limnetica/article/view/96628 eng eng Limnetica https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Limnetica/article/view/96628/78343 https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Limnetica/article/view/96628 Derechos de autor 2024 Limnetica Limnetica; Vol. 43 No. 2 (2024): Limnetica; 229-237 Limnetica; Vol. 43 Núm. 2 (2024): Limnetica; 229-237 1989-1806 0213-8409 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2024 ftrecyt 2024-06-11T14:28:39Z Although anthropogenic fluoride (F−) pollution is a serious worldwide environmental problem, only a few countries have currently established national water quality criteria to protect freshwater biota. In this paper, I carry out a comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain. The Canadian water quality benchmark of 0.12 mg F−/l (maximum allowable concentration) prevents Canada’s fresh waters from significant adverse events of fluoride pollution, thereby protecting sensitive native aquatic invertebrates and adult-migrating Pacific salmon. By contrast, the Spanish water quality benchmark of 1.7 mg F−/l (annual mean concentration) allows not only continuous levels of fluoride pollution more than six times higher than natural fluoride concentrations in Spain’s fresh waters, but also much higher intermittent levels of fluoride pollution (> 15 mg F−/l). This unacceptable scenario is contrary to the present environmental aim of zero pollution in the European Union. Consequently, in light of existing toxicological data, I recommend a Spanish water quality benchmark of 0.15−0.25 mg F−/l (maximum allowable concentration) for adequately protecting sensitive native aquatic invertebrates, such as amphipods, caddisflies and crayfish, from anthropogenic fluoride pollution. The recommended water quality guideline for fluoride could also protect adult-migrating Atlantic salmon, and prevent significant fluoride bioaccumulation in tolerant freshwater organisms. Although anthropogenic fluoride (F−) pollution is a serious worldwide environmental problem, only a few countries have currently established national water quality criteria for the protection of freshwater biota. Since Canada is a global leader in biodiversity conservation that exhibits restrictive water quality benchmarks, I carry out a comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain. The Canadian water quality benchmark of 0.12 mg F−/l (maximum allowable concentration) prevents Canada’s fresh ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon RECyT (Repositorio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología) Canada Pacific |
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RECyT (Repositorio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología) |
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language |
English |
description |
Although anthropogenic fluoride (F−) pollution is a serious worldwide environmental problem, only a few countries have currently established national water quality criteria to protect freshwater biota. In this paper, I carry out a comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain. The Canadian water quality benchmark of 0.12 mg F−/l (maximum allowable concentration) prevents Canada’s fresh waters from significant adverse events of fluoride pollution, thereby protecting sensitive native aquatic invertebrates and adult-migrating Pacific salmon. By contrast, the Spanish water quality benchmark of 1.7 mg F−/l (annual mean concentration) allows not only continuous levels of fluoride pollution more than six times higher than natural fluoride concentrations in Spain’s fresh waters, but also much higher intermittent levels of fluoride pollution (> 15 mg F−/l). This unacceptable scenario is contrary to the present environmental aim of zero pollution in the European Union. Consequently, in light of existing toxicological data, I recommend a Spanish water quality benchmark of 0.15−0.25 mg F−/l (maximum allowable concentration) for adequately protecting sensitive native aquatic invertebrates, such as amphipods, caddisflies and crayfish, from anthropogenic fluoride pollution. The recommended water quality guideline for fluoride could also protect adult-migrating Atlantic salmon, and prevent significant fluoride bioaccumulation in tolerant freshwater organisms. Although anthropogenic fluoride (F−) pollution is a serious worldwide environmental problem, only a few countries have currently established national water quality criteria for the protection of freshwater biota. Since Canada is a global leader in biodiversity conservation that exhibits restrictive water quality benchmarks, I carry out a comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain. The Canadian water quality benchmark of 0.12 mg F−/l (maximum allowable concentration) prevents Canada’s fresh ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Camargo, Julio |
spellingShingle |
Camargo, Julio A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride |
author_facet |
Camargo, Julio |
author_sort |
Camargo, Julio |
title |
A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride |
title_short |
A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride |
title_full |
A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride |
title_fullStr |
A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride |
title_full_unstemmed |
A comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in Canada and Spain: Comparing Canadian and Spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride |
title_sort |
comparative analysis of water quality guidelines for fluoride in canada and spain: comparing canadian and spanish water quality guidelines for fluoride |
publisher |
Limnetica |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Limnetica/article/view/96628 |
geographic |
Canada Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Canada Pacific |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Limnetica; Vol. 43 No. 2 (2024): Limnetica; 229-237 Limnetica; Vol. 43 Núm. 2 (2024): Limnetica; 229-237 1989-1806 0213-8409 |
op_relation |
https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Limnetica/article/view/96628/78343 https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/Limnetica/article/view/96628 |
op_rights |
Derechos de autor 2024 Limnetica |
_version_ |
1802642515469271040 |