Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain)
This paper summarizes the set of new geological and archaeological studies that certify the occurrence of a powerful earthquake-tsunami event that devastated the ancient Roman city of Baelo Claudia (Strait of Gibraltar) in the second half of the 4th century AD. Apart from the important coseismic def...
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Cuaternario y Geomorfología
2023
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ftrecyt:oai:recyt.fecyt.es:article/102693 2024-01-14T10:10:06+01:00 Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain) Geología y Arqueología del Terremoto-Tsunami de finales del Siglo IV a.C. que destruyó la ciudad Romana de Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, Sur España) Silva Barroso, Pablo Gabriel Reicherter, Klaus García-Jiménez, Iván Prados-Martínez, Fernando Pérez-Tarruella, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Yolanda 2023-12-14 application/pdf https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CUGEO/article/view/102693 spa spa Cuaternario y Geomorfología https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CUGEO/article/view/102693/75243 https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CUGEO/article/view/102693 Derechos de autor 2023 Cuaternario y Geomorfología Cuaternario y Geomorfología; Vol. 37 No. 3-4 (2023); 37-57 Cuaternario y Geomorfología; Vol. 37 Núm. 3-4 (2023); 37-57 2695-8589 0214-1744 Archaeoseismology Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs) Tsunamite Baelo Claudia Gibraltar Strait South Spain Arqueosismología Efectos Arqueológicos de los Terremotos (EAEs) Tsunamita Estrecho de Gibraltar Sur de España info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 2023 ftrecyt 2023-12-20T02:21:28Z This paper summarizes the set of new geological and archaeological studies that certify the occurrence of a powerful earthquake-tsunami event that devastated the ancient Roman city of Baelo Claudia (Strait of Gibraltar) in the second half of the 4th century AD. Apart from the important coseismic deformations documented in the in the architectural remains (EAEs), the present study focuses on the effects and sedimentary record of the subsequent tsunami. Analysis of tsunami deposits in drill cores and outcrops along the lower part of the city indicate that the tsunami reached a minimum height of + 8m above sea level and penetrated at least 250 m inland reaching the base of the temples above the Forum area. However, in the small creeks around the area and in the ancient eastern littoral lagoon, flooding could have penetrated up to about one kilometre. The tsunami layer is a dark cohesive sandy deposit (28 to 52 cm thick) containing fragments of pottery, fish and animal bones, glassware, bricks and large boulders of masonry blocks and column drums. The layer also contains microfaunal assemblages with a mixture of benthic and planktonic foraminifera as well as lagoonal brackish-water gastropods and numerous shell debris and broken reworked foraminifera. Data presented in this work indicate that the tsunami layer is mainly composed of well-rounded fine-medium sands originating from the reworking of aeolian and littoral beach deposits of the old roman spit-bar enclosing the ancient embayment. We interpret most of the tsunami layer as backwash deposits trapped within the ruins of the city after the earthquake destruction, as testified by recent excavations along de decumanus maximum, Termas Marítimas and the funerary mausoleum of Iunia Rufina in the eastern necropolis. The archaeological findings in this funerary monument toppled by the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami allow to establish the age of this event between 350 - 390 AD. Key words: Archaeoseismology, Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs), Tsunamite, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Planktonic foraminifera RECyT (Repositorio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología) Estrecho ENVELOPE(-60.783,-60.783,-62.467,-62.467) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
RECyT (Repositorio Español de Ciencia y Tecnología) |
op_collection_id |
ftrecyt |
language |
Spanish |
topic |
Archaeoseismology Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs) Tsunamite Baelo Claudia Gibraltar Strait South Spain Arqueosismología Efectos Arqueológicos de los Terremotos (EAEs) Tsunamita Estrecho de Gibraltar Sur de España |
spellingShingle |
Archaeoseismology Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs) Tsunamite Baelo Claudia Gibraltar Strait South Spain Arqueosismología Efectos Arqueológicos de los Terremotos (EAEs) Tsunamita Estrecho de Gibraltar Sur de España Silva Barroso, Pablo Gabriel Reicherter, Klaus García-Jiménez, Iván Prados-Martínez, Fernando Pérez-Tarruella, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Yolanda Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain) |
topic_facet |
Archaeoseismology Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs) Tsunamite Baelo Claudia Gibraltar Strait South Spain Arqueosismología Efectos Arqueológicos de los Terremotos (EAEs) Tsunamita Estrecho de Gibraltar Sur de España |
description |
This paper summarizes the set of new geological and archaeological studies that certify the occurrence of a powerful earthquake-tsunami event that devastated the ancient Roman city of Baelo Claudia (Strait of Gibraltar) in the second half of the 4th century AD. Apart from the important coseismic deformations documented in the in the architectural remains (EAEs), the present study focuses on the effects and sedimentary record of the subsequent tsunami. Analysis of tsunami deposits in drill cores and outcrops along the lower part of the city indicate that the tsunami reached a minimum height of + 8m above sea level and penetrated at least 250 m inland reaching the base of the temples above the Forum area. However, in the small creeks around the area and in the ancient eastern littoral lagoon, flooding could have penetrated up to about one kilometre. The tsunami layer is a dark cohesive sandy deposit (28 to 52 cm thick) containing fragments of pottery, fish and animal bones, glassware, bricks and large boulders of masonry blocks and column drums. The layer also contains microfaunal assemblages with a mixture of benthic and planktonic foraminifera as well as lagoonal brackish-water gastropods and numerous shell debris and broken reworked foraminifera. Data presented in this work indicate that the tsunami layer is mainly composed of well-rounded fine-medium sands originating from the reworking of aeolian and littoral beach deposits of the old roman spit-bar enclosing the ancient embayment. We interpret most of the tsunami layer as backwash deposits trapped within the ruins of the city after the earthquake destruction, as testified by recent excavations along de decumanus maximum, Termas Marítimas and the funerary mausoleum of Iunia Rufina in the eastern necropolis. The archaeological findings in this funerary monument toppled by the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami allow to establish the age of this event between 350 - 390 AD. Key words: Archaeoseismology, Earthquake Archaeological Effects (EAEs), Tsunamite, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Silva Barroso, Pablo Gabriel Reicherter, Klaus García-Jiménez, Iván Prados-Martínez, Fernando Pérez-Tarruella, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Yolanda |
author_facet |
Silva Barroso, Pablo Gabriel Reicherter, Klaus García-Jiménez, Iván Prados-Martínez, Fernando Pérez-Tarruella, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez, Yolanda |
author_sort |
Silva Barroso, Pablo Gabriel |
title |
Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain) |
title_short |
Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain) |
title_full |
Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain) |
title_fullStr |
Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geology and Archaeology of the late 4th century CE Earthquake-Tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of Baelo Claudia (Cádiz, South Spain) |
title_sort |
geology and archaeology of the late 4th century ce earthquake-tsunami event that struck the ancient roman city of baelo claudia (cádiz, south spain) |
publisher |
Cuaternario y Geomorfología |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CUGEO/article/view/102693 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-60.783,-60.783,-62.467,-62.467) |
geographic |
Estrecho |
geographic_facet |
Estrecho |
genre |
Planktonic foraminifera |
genre_facet |
Planktonic foraminifera |
op_source |
Cuaternario y Geomorfología; Vol. 37 No. 3-4 (2023); 37-57 Cuaternario y Geomorfología; Vol. 37 Núm. 3-4 (2023); 37-57 2695-8589 0214-1744 |
op_relation |
https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CUGEO/article/view/102693/75243 https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/CUGEO/article/view/102693 |
op_rights |
Derechos de autor 2023 Cuaternario y Geomorfología |
_version_ |
1788064721389223936 |