The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians

24 cm Avalanches are one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the timberline on a worldwide scale. In the case of Babia Góra, avalanches are found to affect more than ¹⁄³ of the length of the timberline, locally lowering it by as much as 350 m in distance. The timberline under the influ...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Published in:GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
Main Authors: Czajka, Barbara, Łajczak, Adam, Kaczka, Ryszard J.
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: IGiPZ PAN 2015
Subjects:
timberline
snow avalanches
Babia Góra Mountain
Norway spruce
image interpretation
dendrogeomorphology
górna granica lasu
lawiny śnieżne
Babia Góra
świerk norweski
iterpretacja obrazu
dendrogeomorfologia
Norway
Annals of Glaciology
Antarctic and Alpine Research
Arctic
Online Access:https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/54615/content
id ftrcin:oai:rcin.org.pl:54615
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes (RCIN)
op_collection_id ftrcin
language English
topic timberline
snow avalanches
Babia Góra Mountain
Norway spruce
image interpretation
dendrogeomorphology
górna granica lasu
lawiny śnieżne
Babia Góra
świerk norweski
iterpretacja obrazu
dendrogeomorfologia
spellingShingle timberline
snow avalanches
Babia Góra Mountain
Norway spruce
image interpretation
dendrogeomorphology
górna granica lasu
lawiny śnieżne
Babia Góra
świerk norweski
iterpretacja obrazu
dendrogeomorfologia
Czajka, Barbara
Łajczak, Adam
Kaczka, Ryszard J.
The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians
topic_facet timberline
snow avalanches
Babia Góra Mountain
Norway spruce
image interpretation
dendrogeomorphology
górna granica lasu
lawiny śnieżne
Babia Góra
świerk norweski
iterpretacja obrazu
dendrogeomorfologia
description 24 cm Avalanches are one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the timberline on a worldwide scale. In the case of Babia Góra, avalanches are found to affect more than ¹⁄³ of the length of the timberline, locally lowering it by as much as 350 m in distance. The timberline under the influence of avalanche processes is associatedwith steep slopes (>30°), with 90% of this being located on the massif’s northern slope. In the long run (1964-2009), around the whole massif the timberline shows a high degree of stability along 79% of itslength. It proved possible to reconstruct avalanche events along the largest avalanche path in the examined massif, the Szeroki Żleb gully. Nine such events are seen to have occurred over the past 120 years, with sevenof these characterising the last 50 years. The avalanche(s) occurring in winter 1975/1976 had the greatest impact on the timberline in the Szeroki Żleb gully over the examined period. 24 cm Avalanches are one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the timberline on a worldwide scale. In the case of Babia Góra, avalanches are found to affect more than ¹⁄³ of the length of the timberline, locally lowering it by as much as 350 m in distance. The timberline under the influence of avalanche processes is associatedwith steep slopes (>30°), with 90% of this being located on the massif’s northern slope. In the long run (1964-2009), around the whole massif the timberline shows a high degree of stability along 79% of itslength. It proved possible to reconstruct avalanche events along the largest avalanche path in the examined massif, the Szeroki Żleb gully. Nine such events are seen to have occurred over the past 120 years, with sevenof these characterising the last 50 years. The avalanche(s) occurring in winter 1975/1976 had the greatest impact on the timberline in the Szeroki Żleb gully over the examined period.
format Text
author Czajka, Barbara
Łajczak, Adam
Kaczka, Ryszard J.
author_facet Czajka, Barbara
Łajczak, Adam
Kaczka, Ryszard J.
author_sort Czajka, Barbara
title The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians
title_short The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians
title_full The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians
title_fullStr The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians
title_full_unstemmed The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians
title_sort influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the babia góra massif, western carpathians
publisher IGiPZ PAN
publishDate 2015
url https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/54615/content
geographic Norway
geographic_facet Norway
genre Annals of Glaciology
Antarctic and Alpine Research
Arctic
genre_facet Annals of Glaciology
Antarctic and Alpine Research
Arctic
op_source CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, call nos.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406
http://195.187.71.2/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=geogpan&index=BOCLC&term=ee95400564
CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406
op_relation Geographia Polonica
1. ARCIKIEWICZ A., 2009. Ruch turystyczny na terenie Babiogórskiego Parku Narodowego. Rocznik Babiogórski, 11, pp. 215-216.
2. Balon J., 2007. Stabilność środowiska przyrodniczego Karpat Zachodnich powyżej górnej granicy lasu. Kraków: Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.
3. Bannan M.W., 1936. Vertical resin ducts in the secondary wood of the Abietineae. New Phytology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 11-46.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1936.tb06864.x -
4. BEBI P., KULAKOWSKI D., RIXEN C., 2009. Snow avalanche disturbances in forest ecosystems – State of research and implications for management. Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 257, no. 9, pp. 1883-1892.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.050 -
5. Bollschweiler M., Stoffel M., Schneuwly D.M., Bourqui K., 2008. Traumatic resin ducts in Larix decidua stems impacted by debris flows. Tree Physiology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 255-263.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.2.255 -
6. Brang P., Schönenberger W., Frehner M., SCHWITTER R., THORMANN J.J., WASSER B., 2006. Management of protection forests in the European Alps: An overview. Forest Snow and Landscape Research, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 23-44.
7. BUTLER D.R., MALANSON G.P., 1985. A history of high-magnitude snow avalanches, southern Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Mountain Research and Development, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 175-182.
8. Czajka B., 2010. Środowiskowe uwarunkowania przebiegu górnej granicy lasu w polskich Tatrach Zachodnich. Sosnowiec: Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk o Ziemi. Katedra Paleogeografii i Paleoekologii Czwartorzędu [MA thesis].
9. CZAJKA B., 2011. Zapis lawin śnieżnych w przebiegu górnej granicy lasu w Tatrach Zachodnich [in:] R. Machowski, M. Rzętała (eds.), Z badań nad wpływem antropopresji na środowisko, vol. 12, Sosnowiec: Wydział Nauk o Ziemi Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, pp. 26-38.
10. CZAJKA B., KACZKA R.J., GUZIK M., 2012. Zmiany morfometrii szlaków lawinowych w Dolinie Kościeliskiej od utworzenia Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego [in:] A. Łajczak et al. (eds.), Antropopresja w wybranych strefach morfoklimatycznych – zapis w rzeźbie i osadach, Prace Wydziału Nauk o Ziemi Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 77, Sosnowiec: Wydział Nauk o Ziemi Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, pp. 126-135.
11. CZAJKA B., ŁAJCZAK A., KACZKA R.J., 2015. The dynamics of the timberline ecotone on the asymmetric ridge of the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians. Geographia Polonica, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 85-102.
12. Eckert N., Parent E., Kies R., Baya E., 2010. A spatiotemporal modelling framework for assessing the fluctuations of avalanche occurrence resulting from climate change: Application to 60 years of data in the northern French Alps. Climatic Change, vol. 101, no. 3-4, pp. 515-553.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9718-8 -
13. Evans S.G., Hungr O., Clague J.J., 2001. Dynamics of the 1984 rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, Canada: Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes. Engineering Geology, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 29-51.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00118-6 -
14. Friml J., 2003. Auxin transport – shaping the plant. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 7-12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369526602000031 -
15. KALAFARSKI M., 2011. Środowiskowe uwarunkowania przebiegu górnej granicy lasu w polskich Tatrach Wysokich. Sosnowiec: Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk o Ziemi. Katedra Paleogeografii i Paleoekologii Czwartorzędu [MA thesis].
16. Kłapa M., 1959. Lawiny. Wierchy, 28, pp. 127- 163.
17. Kłapowa M., 1969. Obserwacje lawin śnieżnych w Tatrach. Wierchy, 38, pp. 137- 153.
18. Kogelnig-Mayer B., Stoffel M., SCHNEUWLY-BOLLSCHWEILER M., HÜBL J., RUDOLF-MIKLAU F., 2011. Possibilities and limitations of dendrogeomorphic time-series reconstructions on sites influenced by debris flows and frequent snow avalanche activity. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 649-658.
19. Kotarba A., Starkel L., 1972. Holocen morphogenetic altitudinal zones in the Carpathians. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 6, pp. 21-35.
20. Kotarba A., Kaszowski L., Krzemień K., 1987. Highmountain denudational system of the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geographical Studies: Special Issue, 3, Wrocław: Ossolineum.
21. Kozłowska A., Rączkowska Z., Zagajewski B., 2006. Links between vegetation and morphodynamics of high-mountain slopes in the Tatra Mountains. Geographia Polonica, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 27- 39.
22. Krzemień K., Libelt P., Mączka T., 1995. Geomorphological conditions of the timberline in the Western Tatra Mountains. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagielońskiego. Prace Geograficzne, 98, pp. 153-170.
23. Kulakowski D., Rixen C., Bebi P., 2006. Changes in forest structure and in the relative importance of climatic stress as a result of suppression of avalanche disturbances. Forest Ecology Management, vol. 223, no. 1-3, pp. 66–74.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.058 -
24. Larson P.R., 1994. The vascular cambium: Development and structure. Berlin: Springer.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78466-8 -
25. Larsson L.A., 2003a. CooRecorder: Image co-ordinate recording program. Manual, http://www.cybis.se/cbeewing/CRecorder/handbok.htm [10 February 2015].
26. Larsson L.A., 2003b. CDendro: Cybis Dendro dating program. Manual, http://www.cybis.se/forfun/dendro/ [10 February 2015].
27. Laternser M., Schneebeli M., 2002. Temporal trend and spatial distribution of avalanche activity during the last 50 years in Switzerland. Natural Hazards, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 201-230.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020327312719 -
28. LUNDSTROM T., STOFFEL M., STÖCKLI V., 2008. Freshstem bending of silver fir and Norway spruce. Tree Physiology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 355-366.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.3.355 -
29. Łajczak A., 1995. Matka niepogód [in:] U. Janicka- -Krzywda, A. Łajczak, Babiogórskie ścieżki, Poznań: Colgraff-Press, pp. 97-224.
30. ŁAJCZAK A., 2004. Pokrywa Śnieżna Babiej Góry [in:] B.W. Wołoszyn, A. Jaworski, J. Szwagrzyk (eds.), Babiogórski Park Narodowy: Monografia Przyrodnicza, Kraków: Wydawnictwo i DrukarniaTowarzystwa Słowaków w Polsce, pp. 179-196.
31. Łajczak A., 2005. Przyroda nieożywiona [in:] D. Ptaszycka-Jackowska (ed.), Światy Babiej Góry, Wadowice: Grafikon, pp. 15-40.
32. Martin E., Giraud G., Lejeune Y., Boudart G., 2001. Impact of a climate change on avalanche hazard. Annals of Glaciology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 163-167
http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756401781819292 -
33. MIDOWICZ W., 1930. Babia Góra: Monografia Turystyczna. Vol. 1, Żywiec: Wydawnictwo Oddziału Babiogórskiego Polskiego Towarzystwa Turystycznego.
34. Midowicz W. (ed.), 1992. Mała Encyklopedia Babiogórska. Pruszków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Rewasz.
35. Nagy N.E., Franceschi V.R., Solheim H., Krekling T., Christiansen E., 2000. Wound-induced traumatic resin duct formation in stems of Norway spruce (Pinaceae): Anatomy and cytochemical traits. American Journal of Botany, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 302-313.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2656626 -
36. Obrębska-Starklowa B., 1963. Klimat Babiej Góry [in:] W. Szafer (ed.), Babiogórski Park Narodowy. Kraków: Zakład Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, pp. 45-67.
37. OBRĘBSKA-STARKEL B., 2004. Klimat masywu Babiej Góry [in:] B.W. Wołoszyn, A. Jaworski, J. Szwagrzyk (eds), Babiogórski Park Narodowy: Monografia Przyrodnicza, Kraków: Wydawnictwoi Drukarnia Towarzystwa Słowaków w Polsce, pp. 137-151.
op_rights Creative Commons Attribution BY-ND 3.0 PL license
Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Bez utworów zależnych 3.0 Polska
op_rightsnorm CC-BY
CC-BY-ND
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1936.tb06864.x
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.050
https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.2.255
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9718-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00118-6
https://doi.org/10.
container_title GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY
container_volume 5
container_issue 3
container_start_page 64
op_container_end_page 81
_version_ 1766003863104520192
spelling ftrcin:oai:rcin.org.pl:54615 2023-05-15T13:29:51+02:00 The influence of snow avalanches on the timberline in the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians Geographia Polonica Vol. 88 No. 2 (2015) Czajka, Barbara Łajczak, Adam Kaczka, Ryszard J. 2015 File size 2,9 MB application/pdf Rozmiar pliku 2,9 MB https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/54615/content eng eng IGiPZ PAN Geographia Polonica 1. ARCIKIEWICZ A., 2009. Ruch turystyczny na terenie Babiogórskiego Parku Narodowego. Rocznik Babiogórski, 11, pp. 215-216. 2. Balon J., 2007. Stabilność środowiska przyrodniczego Karpat Zachodnich powyżej górnej granicy lasu. Kraków: Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. 3. Bannan M.W., 1936. Vertical resin ducts in the secondary wood of the Abietineae. New Phytology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 11-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1936.tb06864.x - 4. BEBI P., KULAKOWSKI D., RIXEN C., 2009. Snow avalanche disturbances in forest ecosystems – State of research and implications for management. Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 257, no. 9, pp. 1883-1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.050 - 5. Bollschweiler M., Stoffel M., Schneuwly D.M., Bourqui K., 2008. Traumatic resin ducts in Larix decidua stems impacted by debris flows. Tree Physiology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 255-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.2.255 - 6. Brang P., Schönenberger W., Frehner M., SCHWITTER R., THORMANN J.J., WASSER B., 2006. Management of protection forests in the European Alps: An overview. Forest Snow and Landscape Research, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 23-44. 7. BUTLER D.R., MALANSON G.P., 1985. A history of high-magnitude snow avalanches, southern Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Mountain Research and Development, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 175-182. 8. Czajka B., 2010. Środowiskowe uwarunkowania przebiegu górnej granicy lasu w polskich Tatrach Zachodnich. Sosnowiec: Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk o Ziemi. Katedra Paleogeografii i Paleoekologii Czwartorzędu [MA thesis]. 9. CZAJKA B., 2011. Zapis lawin śnieżnych w przebiegu górnej granicy lasu w Tatrach Zachodnich [in:] R. Machowski, M. Rzętała (eds.), Z badań nad wpływem antropopresji na środowisko, vol. 12, Sosnowiec: Wydział Nauk o Ziemi Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, pp. 26-38. 10. CZAJKA B., KACZKA R.J., GUZIK M., 2012. Zmiany morfometrii szlaków lawinowych w Dolinie Kościeliskiej od utworzenia Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego [in:] A. Łajczak et al. (eds.), Antropopresja w wybranych strefach morfoklimatycznych – zapis w rzeźbie i osadach, Prace Wydziału Nauk o Ziemi Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 77, Sosnowiec: Wydział Nauk o Ziemi Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, pp. 126-135. 11. CZAJKA B., ŁAJCZAK A., KACZKA R.J., 2015. The dynamics of the timberline ecotone on the asymmetric ridge of the Babia Góra Massif, Western Carpathians. Geographia Polonica, vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 85-102. 12. Eckert N., Parent E., Kies R., Baya E., 2010. A spatiotemporal modelling framework for assessing the fluctuations of avalanche occurrence resulting from climate change: Application to 60 years of data in the northern French Alps. Climatic Change, vol. 101, no. 3-4, pp. 515-553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9718-8 - 13. Evans S.G., Hungr O., Clague J.J., 2001. Dynamics of the 1984 rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, Canada: Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes. Engineering Geology, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 29-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00118-6 - 14. Friml J., 2003. Auxin transport – shaping the plant. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 7-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369526602000031 - 15. KALAFARSKI M., 2011. Środowiskowe uwarunkowania przebiegu górnej granicy lasu w polskich Tatrach Wysokich. Sosnowiec: Uniwersytet Śląski. Wydział Nauk o Ziemi. Katedra Paleogeografii i Paleoekologii Czwartorzędu [MA thesis]. 16. Kłapa M., 1959. Lawiny. Wierchy, 28, pp. 127- 163. 17. Kłapowa M., 1969. Obserwacje lawin śnieżnych w Tatrach. Wierchy, 38, pp. 137- 153. 18. Kogelnig-Mayer B., Stoffel M., SCHNEUWLY-BOLLSCHWEILER M., HÜBL J., RUDOLF-MIKLAU F., 2011. Possibilities and limitations of dendrogeomorphic time-series reconstructions on sites influenced by debris flows and frequent snow avalanche activity. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 649-658. 19. Kotarba A., Starkel L., 1972. Holocen morphogenetic altitudinal zones in the Carpathians. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 6, pp. 21-35. 20. Kotarba A., Kaszowski L., Krzemień K., 1987. Highmountain denudational system of the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geographical Studies: Special Issue, 3, Wrocław: Ossolineum. 21. Kozłowska A., Rączkowska Z., Zagajewski B., 2006. Links between vegetation and morphodynamics of high-mountain slopes in the Tatra Mountains. Geographia Polonica, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 27- 39. 22. Krzemień K., Libelt P., Mączka T., 1995. Geomorphological conditions of the timberline in the Western Tatra Mountains. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagielońskiego. Prace Geograficzne, 98, pp. 153-170. 23. Kulakowski D., Rixen C., Bebi P., 2006. Changes in forest structure and in the relative importance of climatic stress as a result of suppression of avalanche disturbances. Forest Ecology Management, vol. 223, no. 1-3, pp. 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.058 - 24. Larson P.R., 1994. The vascular cambium: Development and structure. Berlin: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78466-8 - 25. Larsson L.A., 2003a. CooRecorder: Image co-ordinate recording program. Manual, http://www.cybis.se/cbeewing/CRecorder/handbok.htm [10 February 2015]. 26. Larsson L.A., 2003b. CDendro: Cybis Dendro dating program. Manual, http://www.cybis.se/forfun/dendro/ [10 February 2015]. 27. Laternser M., Schneebeli M., 2002. Temporal trend and spatial distribution of avalanche activity during the last 50 years in Switzerland. Natural Hazards, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 201-230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020327312719 - 28. LUNDSTROM T., STOFFEL M., STÖCKLI V., 2008. Freshstem bending of silver fir and Norway spruce. Tree Physiology, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 355-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.3.355 - 29. Łajczak A., 1995. Matka niepogód [in:] U. Janicka- -Krzywda, A. Łajczak, Babiogórskie ścieżki, Poznań: Colgraff-Press, pp. 97-224. 30. ŁAJCZAK A., 2004. Pokrywa Śnieżna Babiej Góry [in:] B.W. Wołoszyn, A. Jaworski, J. Szwagrzyk (eds.), Babiogórski Park Narodowy: Monografia Przyrodnicza, Kraków: Wydawnictwo i DrukarniaTowarzystwa Słowaków w Polsce, pp. 179-196. 31. Łajczak A., 2005. Przyroda nieożywiona [in:] D. Ptaszycka-Jackowska (ed.), Światy Babiej Góry, Wadowice: Grafikon, pp. 15-40. 32. Martin E., Giraud G., Lejeune Y., Boudart G., 2001. Impact of a climate change on avalanche hazard. Annals of Glaciology, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 163-167 http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756401781819292 - 33. MIDOWICZ W., 1930. Babia Góra: Monografia Turystyczna. Vol. 1, Żywiec: Wydawnictwo Oddziału Babiogórskiego Polskiego Towarzystwa Turystycznego. 34. Midowicz W. (ed.), 1992. Mała Encyklopedia Babiogórska. Pruszków: Oficyna Wydawnicza Rewasz. 35. Nagy N.E., Franceschi V.R., Solheim H., Krekling T., Christiansen E., 2000. Wound-induced traumatic resin duct formation in stems of Norway spruce (Pinaceae): Anatomy and cytochemical traits. American Journal of Botany, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 302-313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2656626 - 36. Obrębska-Starklowa B., 1963. Klimat Babiej Góry [in:] W. Szafer (ed.), Babiogórski Park Narodowy. Kraków: Zakład Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, pp. 45-67. 37. OBRĘBSKA-STARKEL B., 2004. Klimat masywu Babiej Góry [in:] B.W. Wołoszyn, A. Jaworski, J. Szwagrzyk (eds), Babiogórski Park Narodowy: Monografia Przyrodnicza, Kraków: Wydawnictwoi Drukarnia Towarzystwa Słowaków w Polsce, pp. 137-151. Creative Commons Attribution BY-ND 3.0 PL license Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Bez utworów zależnych 3.0 Polska CC-BY CC-BY-ND CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, call nos.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406 http://195.187.71.2/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=geogpan&index=BOCLC&term=ee95400564 CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406 timberline snow avalanches Babia Góra Mountain Norway spruce image interpretation dendrogeomorphology górna granica lasu lawiny śnieżne Babia Góra świerk norweski iterpretacja obrazu dendrogeomorfologia Text Tekst 2015 ftrcin https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1936.tb06864.x https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.01.050 https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.2.255 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9718-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00118-6 https://doi.org/10. 2022-11-28T01:29:48Z 24 cm Avalanches are one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the timberline on a worldwide scale. In the case of Babia Góra, avalanches are found to affect more than ¹⁄³ of the length of the timberline, locally lowering it by as much as 350 m in distance. The timberline under the influence of avalanche processes is associatedwith steep slopes (>30°), with 90% of this being located on the massif’s northern slope. In the long run (1964-2009), around the whole massif the timberline shows a high degree of stability along 79% of itslength. It proved possible to reconstruct avalanche events along the largest avalanche path in the examined massif, the Szeroki Żleb gully. Nine such events are seen to have occurred over the past 120 years, with sevenof these characterising the last 50 years. The avalanche(s) occurring in winter 1975/1976 had the greatest impact on the timberline in the Szeroki Żleb gully over the examined period. 24 cm Avalanches are one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the timberline on a worldwide scale. In the case of Babia Góra, avalanches are found to affect more than ¹⁄³ of the length of the timberline, locally lowering it by as much as 350 m in distance. The timberline under the influence of avalanche processes is associatedwith steep slopes (>30°), with 90% of this being located on the massif’s northern slope. In the long run (1964-2009), around the whole massif the timberline shows a high degree of stability along 79% of itslength. It proved possible to reconstruct avalanche events along the largest avalanche path in the examined massif, the Szeroki Żleb gully. Nine such events are seen to have occurred over the past 120 years, with sevenof these characterising the last 50 years. The avalanche(s) occurring in winter 1975/1976 had the greatest impact on the timberline in the Szeroki Żleb gully over the examined period. Text Annals of Glaciology Antarctic and Alpine Research Arctic Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes (RCIN) Norway GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 5 3 64 81

Similar Items