Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023)

24 cm Rock walls and talus slopes, which are the most common features of high-mountain relief, have been researched for many years. Geomorphologists have taken particular interest in debris flows, which play a major role in the development of talus slopes. This paper presents the results of the firs...

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Main Authors: Kędzia, Stanisław. Autor, Hreško, Juraj. Autor, Bugár, Gabriel. Autor
Format: Text
Language:English
Published: IGiPZ PAN 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/238338/content
id ftrcin:oai:rcin.org.pl:238338
record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes (RCIN)
op_collection_id ftrcin
language English
topic lichenometric dating
debris flows
High Tatra Mountains
datowania lichenometryczne
spływy gruzowe
Tatry Wysokie
spellingShingle lichenometric dating
debris flows
High Tatra Mountains
datowania lichenometryczne
spływy gruzowe
Tatry Wysokie
Kędzia, Stanisław. Autor
Hreško, Juraj. Autor
Bugár, Gabriel. Autor
Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023)
topic_facet lichenometric dating
debris flows
High Tatra Mountains
datowania lichenometryczne
spływy gruzowe
Tatry Wysokie
description 24 cm Rock walls and talus slopes, which are the most common features of high-mountain relief, have been researched for many years. Geomorphologists have taken particular interest in debris flows, which play a major role in the development of talus slopes. This paper presents the results of the first lichenometric dating of debris flows on the southern slopes of the Tatra Mountains. The greatest debris flow activity took place in the Little Ice Age and in the last two decades. 24 cm Rock walls and talus slopes, which are the most common features of high-mountain relief, have been researched for many years. Geomorphologists have taken particular interest in debris flows, which play a major role in the development of talus slopes. This paper presents the results of the first lichenometric dating of debris flows on the southern slopes of the Tatra Mountains. The greatest debris flow activity took place in the Little Ice Age and in the last two decades.
format Text
author Kędzia, Stanisław. Autor
Hreško, Juraj. Autor
Bugár, Gabriel. Autor
author_facet Kędzia, Stanisław. Autor
Hreško, Juraj. Autor
Bugár, Gabriel. Autor
author_sort Kędzia, Stanisław. Autor
title Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023)
title_short Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023)
title_full Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023)
title_fullStr Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023)
title_full_unstemmed Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023)
title_sort geographia polonica vol. 96 no. 1 (2023)
publisher IGiPZ PAN
publishDate 2023
url https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/238338/content
genre Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
genre_facet Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
op_source CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, call nos.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406
http://195.187.71.2/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=geogpan&index=BOCLC&term=ee95400564
CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406
op_relation Geographia Polonica
Beschel, R. E. (1950). Flechen als Alters mastab prezenter Moränen. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 1(2), 152-161.
Beschel, R. E. (1957). Lichenometrie im Gletschervorfeld. Jahrbuch des Vereins zum Schutze Alpenpflanzen und Alpentiere, 22, 164-185.
Curry, A. M., & Morris, Ch. J. (2004). Lateglacial and Holocene talus slope development and rockwall retreat on Mynydd Du, UK. Geomorphology, 58(1-4), 85-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00226-5
Ferber, T. (2002). The age and origin of talus cones in the light of lichenometric research. The Skalnisty and Zielony talus cones, High Tatra Mountains, Poland. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 36, 77-89. https://www.igipz.pan.pl/tl_files/igipz/ZGiHGiW/sgcb/sgbc_36/36_5.pdf
Fort, M., Cossart, E., Deline, P., Dzikowski, M., Nicoud, G., Ravanel, L., Schoeneich, P., & Wassmer, P. (2009). Geomorphic impacts of large and rapid mass movements: A review. Geomorpholgie, 15(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.7495
Francou, B. (1991). Pentes, granulométrie et mobilité le long d'un talus d'éboulis en milieu alpin. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2(3), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430020302
Gądek, B., Grabiec, M., Kędzia, S., & Rączkowska, Z. (2010). Struktura wewnętrzna i morfodynamika wybranych stoków gruzowych Tatr w świetle wyników pomiarów georadarowych i lichenometrycznych. In A. Kotarba (Ed.), Nauka a zarządzanie obszarem Tatr i ich otoczeniem, t. 1: Nauki o Ziemi, Materiały IV Konferencji "Przyroda Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego a człowiek", Zakopane, 14-16 października 2010 (pp. 55-61). Zakopane: Tatrzański Park Narodowy.
Gądek, B., Grabiec, M., Kędzia, S., & Rączkowska, Z. (2016). Reflection of climate changes in the structure and morphodynamics of talus slopes (the Tatra Mountains, Poland). Geomorphology, 263, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2016.03.024
Hinchliffe, S., Ballantyne, C. K., & Walden, J. (1998). The structure and sedimentology of relict talus, Trotternish, northern Skye, Scotland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(6), 545-560. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<545::AID-ESP876>3.0.CO;2-E
Jonasson, C., Kot, M., & Kotarba, A. (1991). Lichenometrical studies and dating of derbis flow deposits in the High Tatra Mountains, Poland. Geografiska Annaler, 73(3-4), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.1991.11880339
Kapusta, J. (2009). Sutinové prúdy vo Vysokých Tatrách (Velická dolina a Dolina Zeleného plesa). Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Katedra fyzickej geografie a geoekológie. Thesis.
Kapusta, J., Stankoviansky, M., & Boltižiar, M. (2010). Changes in activity and geomorphic effectiveness of debris flows in the High Tatra Mts. within the last six decades (on the example of the Velická Dolina and Dolina Zeleného Plesa Valleys. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 44, 5-34.
Kaszowski, L., Krzemień, K., & Libelt, P. (1988). Postglacial modelling of glacial cirques in the Western Tatras. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Prace Geograficzne, 71, 121-141.
Kędzia, S. (2010). The age of debris surfaces on the Żółta Turnia Peak (the Polish Tatra Mts.). Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica, 2, 29-38.
Kędzia, S. (2017). Zapis zmian klimatu w ostatnich 200 latach w morfodynamice stoków oraz kriosferze Tatr i Karkonoszy. Przegląd Geograficzny, 89(3), 353-376. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.1
Kędzia, S. (2021). Initial colonisation by Rhizocarpon geographicum in the Tatra Mountains. Journal of Mountain Science, 18(2), 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6130-3
Kędzia, S., Hreško, J., & Bugár, G. (2020). Lichenometric curve for the southern slope of the Tatra Mountains (Slovak Tatras). Geographia Polonica, 93(4), 597-610. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0187
Klimaszewski, M. (1978). Geomorfologia. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Klimaszewski, M. (1988). Relief of the Polish Tatra Mountains. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Warszawa.
Kotarba, A. (1988). Lichenometria i jej zastosowanie w badaniach geomorfologicznych w Tatrach. Wszechświat, 89(1), 13-15.
Kotarba, A. (1989). On the age of debris slops in the Tatra Mountains. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 23, 139-152.
Kotarba, A. (1991). On the ages and magnitude of derbis flows in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Science, 39(2), 129-135.
Kotarba, A. (1992). High energy geomorphologic events in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geografiska Annaler, 74(2/3), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.2307/521290
Kotarba, A. (1995). Rapid mass wasting over the last 500 years in the High Tatra Mountains. Quaestiones Geographicae, Special Issue, 4, 177-183.
Kotarba, A. (1997). Formation of high mountain talus slope related to debris flow activity in the High Tatra Mountains. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 8(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199732)8:2<191::AID-PPP250>3.0.CO;2-H
Kotarba, A. (2001). Lichenometryczne oznaczanie wieku formy rzeźby wysokogórskiej. Prace Geograficzne, IGiPZ PAN, 179, 197-208.
Kotarba, A. (2004). Zdarzenia geomorfologiczne w Tatrach Wysokich podczas małej epoki lodowej. In A. Kotarba (Ed.), Rola małej epoki lodowej w przekształcaniu środowiska przyrodniczego Tatr (pp. 9-55). Prace Geograficzne, IGiPZ PAN, 197.
Kotarba, A., Kaszowski, L., & Krzemień, K. (1987). High-mountain denudational system in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geographical Studies IGiPZ PAN. Special Issue, 3.
Kotarba, A., Kłapa, M., & Rączkowska, Z. (1983). Present-day transformation of Alpine granite slopes in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Dokumentacja Geograficzna, 1.
Kotarba, A., & Pech, P. (2002). The recent evolution of talus slopes in the High Tatra Mountains (with the Pańszczyca Valley as example). Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 36, 69-76.
Kotarba, A., Rączkowska, Z., Długosz, M., & Boltiźiar, M. (2013). Recent debris flows in the Tatra Mountains. In Loczy, D., Heidelberg, D. (Eds.), Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather. Case studies from Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 221-236). London - New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6301-2_14
Kotarba, A., & Strömquist, L. (1984). Transport, sorting and deposition processes in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geografiska Annaler, 66(4), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.2307/520851
Krautblatter, M., Moser, M., Schrott, L., Wolf, J., & Morche, D. (2012). Significance of rockfall magnitude and carbonate dissolution for rock slope erosion and geomorphic work on Alpine limestone cliffs (Reintal, German Alps). Geomorphology, 167-168, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2012.04.007
Krzemień, K. (1988). The dynamics of debris flows in the upper part of the Starorobociańska Valley (Western Tatra Mts.). Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 22, 123-144.
Krzemień, K., Libelt, P., & Mączka, T. (1995). Geomorphological conditions of the timberline in the Western Tatra Mountains. In O. Heikkinen, B. Obrebska-Starkel, & S. Tuhkanen (Eds.), Environmental aspects of the timberline in Finland and the Polish Carpathians (pp. 155-170). Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Prace Geograficzne, 98.
Rączkowska, Z. (2006). Recent geomorphic hazards in the Tatra Mountains. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 11, 45-60.
Rączkowska, Z., Łajczak, A., Margielewski, W., & Święchowicz, J. (2012). Recent landform evolution in the Polish Carpathians. In D. Loczy, A. Kotarba, & M. Stankoviansky (Eds.), Recent landform evolution (pp. 47-101). Dordrecht - Heidelberg - London - New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2448-8_5
Sass, O., & Krautblatter, M. (2007). Debris-flow-dominated and rockfall-dominated scree slopes: genetic models derived from GPR measurements. Geomorphology, 86(1-2), 176-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.08.012
oai:rcin.org.pl:publication:274441
https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/238338/content
oai:rcin.org.pl:238338
op_rights Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license
Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.343002030210.7163/PrzG.2017.3.110.1007/s11629-020-6130-310.2307/52129010.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199732)8:2<191::AID-PPP250>3.0.CO;2-H
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spelling ftrcin:oai:rcin.org.pl:238338 2023-06-11T04:15:59+02:00 Geographia Polonica Vol. 96 No. 1 (2023) Debris flow activity in the Slovak part of the High Tatras in the light of lichenometric dating Kędzia, Stanisław. Autor Hreško, Juraj. Autor Bugár, Gabriel. Autor 2023 https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/238338/content eng eng IGiPZ PAN Geographia Polonica Beschel, R. E. (1950). Flechen als Alters mastab prezenter Moränen. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, 1(2), 152-161. Beschel, R. E. (1957). Lichenometrie im Gletschervorfeld. Jahrbuch des Vereins zum Schutze Alpenpflanzen und Alpentiere, 22, 164-185. Curry, A. M., & Morris, Ch. J. (2004). Lateglacial and Holocene talus slope development and rockwall retreat on Mynydd Du, UK. Geomorphology, 58(1-4), 85-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00226-5 Ferber, T. (2002). The age and origin of talus cones in the light of lichenometric research. The Skalnisty and Zielony talus cones, High Tatra Mountains, Poland. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 36, 77-89. https://www.igipz.pan.pl/tl_files/igipz/ZGiHGiW/sgcb/sgbc_36/36_5.pdf Fort, M., Cossart, E., Deline, P., Dzikowski, M., Nicoud, G., Ravanel, L., Schoeneich, P., & Wassmer, P. (2009). Geomorphic impacts of large and rapid mass movements: A review. Geomorpholgie, 15(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.4000/geomorphologie.7495 Francou, B. (1991). Pentes, granulométrie et mobilité le long d'un talus d'éboulis en milieu alpin. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2(3), 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430020302 Gądek, B., Grabiec, M., Kędzia, S., & Rączkowska, Z. (2010). Struktura wewnętrzna i morfodynamika wybranych stoków gruzowych Tatr w świetle wyników pomiarów georadarowych i lichenometrycznych. In A. Kotarba (Ed.), Nauka a zarządzanie obszarem Tatr i ich otoczeniem, t. 1: Nauki o Ziemi, Materiały IV Konferencji "Przyroda Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego a człowiek", Zakopane, 14-16 października 2010 (pp. 55-61). Zakopane: Tatrzański Park Narodowy. Gądek, B., Grabiec, M., Kędzia, S., & Rączkowska, Z. (2016). Reflection of climate changes in the structure and morphodynamics of talus slopes (the Tatra Mountains, Poland). Geomorphology, 263, 39-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2016.03.024 Hinchliffe, S., Ballantyne, C. K., & Walden, J. (1998). The structure and sedimentology of relict talus, Trotternish, northern Skye, Scotland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23(6), 545-560. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<545::AID-ESP876>3.0.CO;2-E Jonasson, C., Kot, M., & Kotarba, A. (1991). Lichenometrical studies and dating of derbis flow deposits in the High Tatra Mountains, Poland. Geografiska Annaler, 73(3-4), 141-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353676.1991.11880339 Kapusta, J. (2009). Sutinové prúdy vo Vysokých Tatrách (Velická dolina a Dolina Zeleného plesa). Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave, Katedra fyzickej geografie a geoekológie. Thesis. Kapusta, J., Stankoviansky, M., & Boltižiar, M. (2010). Changes in activity and geomorphic effectiveness of debris flows in the High Tatra Mts. within the last six decades (on the example of the Velická Dolina and Dolina Zeleného Plesa Valleys. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 44, 5-34. Kaszowski, L., Krzemień, K., & Libelt, P. (1988). Postglacial modelling of glacial cirques in the Western Tatras. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Prace Geograficzne, 71, 121-141. Kędzia, S. (2010). The age of debris surfaces on the Żółta Turnia Peak (the Polish Tatra Mts.). Geomorphologia Slovaca et Bohemica, 2, 29-38. Kędzia, S. (2017). Zapis zmian klimatu w ostatnich 200 latach w morfodynamice stoków oraz kriosferze Tatr i Karkonoszy. Przegląd Geograficzny, 89(3), 353-376. https://doi.org/10.7163/PrzG.2017.3.1 Kędzia, S. (2021). Initial colonisation by Rhizocarpon geographicum in the Tatra Mountains. Journal of Mountain Science, 18(2), 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6130-3 Kędzia, S., Hreško, J., & Bugár, G. (2020). Lichenometric curve for the southern slope of the Tatra Mountains (Slovak Tatras). Geographia Polonica, 93(4), 597-610. https://doi.org/10.7163/GPol.0187 Klimaszewski, M. (1978). Geomorfologia. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Klimaszewski, M. (1988). Relief of the Polish Tatra Mountains. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Warszawa. Kotarba, A. (1988). Lichenometria i jej zastosowanie w badaniach geomorfologicznych w Tatrach. Wszechświat, 89(1), 13-15. Kotarba, A. (1989). On the age of debris slops in the Tatra Mountains. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 23, 139-152. Kotarba, A. (1991). On the ages and magnitude of derbis flows in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Science, 39(2), 129-135. Kotarba, A. (1992). High energy geomorphologic events in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geografiska Annaler, 74(2/3), 123-131. https://doi.org/10.2307/521290 Kotarba, A. (1995). Rapid mass wasting over the last 500 years in the High Tatra Mountains. Quaestiones Geographicae, Special Issue, 4, 177-183. Kotarba, A. (1997). Formation of high mountain talus slope related to debris flow activity in the High Tatra Mountains. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 8(2), 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199732)8:2<191::AID-PPP250>3.0.CO;2-H Kotarba, A. (2001). Lichenometryczne oznaczanie wieku formy rzeźby wysokogórskiej. Prace Geograficzne, IGiPZ PAN, 179, 197-208. Kotarba, A. (2004). Zdarzenia geomorfologiczne w Tatrach Wysokich podczas małej epoki lodowej. In A. Kotarba (Ed.), Rola małej epoki lodowej w przekształcaniu środowiska przyrodniczego Tatr (pp. 9-55). Prace Geograficzne, IGiPZ PAN, 197. Kotarba, A., Kaszowski, L., & Krzemień, K. (1987). High-mountain denudational system in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geographical Studies IGiPZ PAN. Special Issue, 3. Kotarba, A., Kłapa, M., & Rączkowska, Z. (1983). Present-day transformation of Alpine granite slopes in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Dokumentacja Geograficzna, 1. Kotarba, A., & Pech, P. (2002). The recent evolution of talus slopes in the High Tatra Mountains (with the Pańszczyca Valley as example). Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 36, 69-76. Kotarba, A., Rączkowska, Z., Długosz, M., & Boltiźiar, M. (2013). Recent debris flows in the Tatra Mountains. In Loczy, D., Heidelberg, D. (Eds.), Geomorphological impacts of extreme weather. Case studies from Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 221-236). London - New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6301-2_14 Kotarba, A., & Strömquist, L. (1984). Transport, sorting and deposition processes in the Polish Tatra Mountains. Geografiska Annaler, 66(4), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.2307/520851 Krautblatter, M., Moser, M., Schrott, L., Wolf, J., & Morche, D. (2012). Significance of rockfall magnitude and carbonate dissolution for rock slope erosion and geomorphic work on Alpine limestone cliffs (Reintal, German Alps). Geomorphology, 167-168, 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEOMORPH.2012.04.007 Krzemień, K. (1988). The dynamics of debris flows in the upper part of the Starorobociańska Valley (Western Tatra Mts.). Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 22, 123-144. Krzemień, K., Libelt, P., & Mączka, T. (1995). Geomorphological conditions of the timberline in the Western Tatra Mountains. In O. Heikkinen, B. Obrebska-Starkel, & S. Tuhkanen (Eds.), Environmental aspects of the timberline in Finland and the Polish Carpathians (pp. 155-170). Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Prace Geograficzne, 98. Rączkowska, Z. (2006). Recent geomorphic hazards in the Tatra Mountains. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, 11, 45-60. Rączkowska, Z., Łajczak, A., Margielewski, W., & Święchowicz, J. (2012). Recent landform evolution in the Polish Carpathians. In D. Loczy, A. Kotarba, & M. Stankoviansky (Eds.), Recent landform evolution (pp. 47-101). Dordrecht - Heidelberg - London - New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2448-8_5 Sass, O., & Krautblatter, M. (2007). Debris-flow-dominated and rockfall-dominated scree slopes: genetic models derived from GPR measurements. Geomorphology, 86(1-2), 176-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.08.012 oai:rcin.org.pl:publication:274441 https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/238338/content oai:rcin.org.pl:238338 Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0 license Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, call nos.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406 http://195.187.71.2/ipac20/ipac.jsp?profile=geogpan&index=BOCLC&term=ee95400564 CBGiOS. IGiPZ PAN, sygn.: Cz.2085, Cz.2173, Cz.2406 lichenometric dating debris flows High Tatra Mountains datowania lichenometryczne spływy gruzowe Tatry Wysokie Text Tekst 2023 ftrcin https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.343002030210.7163/PrzG.2017.3.110.1007/s11629-020-6130-310.2307/52129010.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199732)8:2<191::AID-PPP250>3.0.CO;2-H 2023-04-24T23:09:29Z 24 cm Rock walls and talus slopes, which are the most common features of high-mountain relief, have been researched for many years. Geomorphologists have taken particular interest in debris flows, which play a major role in the development of talus slopes. This paper presents the results of the first lichenometric dating of debris flows on the southern slopes of the Tatra Mountains. The greatest debris flow activity took place in the Little Ice Age and in the last two decades. 24 cm Rock walls and talus slopes, which are the most common features of high-mountain relief, have been researched for many years. Geomorphologists have taken particular interest in debris flows, which play a major role in the development of talus slopes. This paper presents the results of the first lichenometric dating of debris flows on the southern slopes of the Tatra Mountains. The greatest debris flow activity took place in the Little Ice Age and in the last two decades. Text Permafrost and Periglacial Processes Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes (RCIN)