Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego

Pages 197-206 24 cm Bibliographical references (pages 201-204) Abstract in English Each effort for an ecological classification based on the concept of species always encounters serious difficulties. It is nevertheless necessary when data obtained for species are to be used for the construction of a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Gliwicz, Zbigniew Maciej
Other Authors: Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologiczny
Format: Text
Language:Polish
Published: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1974
Subjects:
food chains (ecology)
nutrient cycles
freshwater zooplankton
zooplankton słodkowodny
łańcuchy troficzne
Mak
Arctic
Online Access:https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/147230/content
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record_format openpolar
institution Open Polar
collection Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes (RCIN)
op_collection_id ftrcin
language Polish
topic food chains (ecology)
nutrient cycles
freshwater zooplankton
zooplankton słodkowodny
łańcuchy troficzne
spellingShingle food chains (ecology)
nutrient cycles
freshwater zooplankton
zooplankton słodkowodny
łańcuchy troficzne
Gliwicz, Zbigniew Maciej
Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego
topic_facet food chains (ecology)
nutrient cycles
freshwater zooplankton
zooplankton słodkowodny
łańcuchy troficzne
description Pages 197-206 24 cm Bibliographical references (pages 201-204) Abstract in English Each effort for an ecological classification based on the concept of species always encounters serious difficulties. It is nevertheless necessary when data obtained for species are to be used for the construction of a complex system model composed of the trophic levels. Even the plankton, generally accepted as one of the most simple systems, can be subjected only with great difficulty to the trophic classification operations (Fig 1). The essence of this difficulty is the very unclear trophic status of each animal component of the system. Nevertheless such classification efforts are quite common nowadays (works on IBP synthesis) placing each zooplankton species into herbivores, carnivores, detritivores or omnivores, where only the last group seems reasonable as most species allotted to the three former groups in reality represent their own groups only in specific conditions, e.g. laboratory experiments.The type of food of a given species is largely dependent on three factors: 1. Morphological and functional aspects of food uptake (filter feeding, sedimentation or raptorial feeding, n.b. many species mak e use of two or even three mechanisms alternatively). 2. Animal behaviour which determines its food selectivity: a. ease of choice of a particular feeding zone, b. ease of choice of particular objects from the potential food variety. 3. Abundance of diverse types of food in the environment. The first two factors are essentially of species origin but even these may change quite a bit not only from stage to stage of individual development, but also from environment to environment differ ing in food sources. E.g. Chydorus sphaericusis a typical “scraper” when feeding on periphyton or large phytoplankton colonies(Fryer 1968), but acts as a typical filter feeder in limnetic environment wherethere are no large phytoplankton forms (Gliwicz 1969c). Also, a typical cyclopoidcopepod feeding almost exclusively on phytoplankton in ...
author2 Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologiczny
format Text
author Gliwicz, Zbigniew Maciej
author_facet Gliwicz, Zbigniew Maciej
author_sort Gliwicz, Zbigniew Maciej
title Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego
title_short Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego
title_full Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego
title_fullStr Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego
title_full_unstemmed Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego
title_sort status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego
publisher Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
publishDate 1974
url https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/147230/content
long_lat ENVELOPE(162.381,162.381,56.401,56.401)
geographic Mak
geographic_facet Mak
genre Arctic
genre_facet Arctic
op_source MiIZ PAN, call no. P.3259
http://katalog.pan.pl/webpac-bin/228bmiizPL/wgbroker.exe?new+-access+top+search+open+NR+bb95102729
MiIZ PAN, sygn. P.3259
op_relation Wiadomości Ekologiczne
Anderson R. S. 1967 — Diaptomid copepods from two mountain ponds in Alberta — Can. J. Zool. 45: 1043—1047.
Anderson R. S. 1970 — Predator — prey relationship and predation rates for crustacean zooplankters from some lakes in western Canada — Can. J. Zool. 48: 1 1229—1240.
Beauchamp P. 1961 — Sur Asplachna henrietta (Rotifera) — Bull. Soc. zool. France, 86: 701—704.
Bogatova J. B. 1951 — Kolicestvennye dannye o pitanii Cyclops strenuus Fischeri Cyclops viridis Jurine — Trudy Saratov. Otd. kasp. Fil. VNIRO, 1: 163—176.
Bogatova J. B. 1965 — Pitanie dafnij i diaptomuisov w prudach — Trudy vseros. nauc.-issled. Inst. prud. ryb. Choz. 13: 165—178.
Bogatova J. B. 1967 — O pitanid Moina rectirostris (Zeidig) — Trudy vseros. nauć.-issled. Inst. prud. ryb. Choz. 15: 106—116.
Burgis M. J. 1971 — The ecology and production of copepods, particularly Thermocyclops hyalinus, in the tropical Lake George, Uganda — Freshwat. Biol. 1: 169—192.
Burgis M. J., Dunn J. G., Ganf G. G., McGowan L. M., Viner A. B. 1972 —Lake George, Uganda. Studies on tropical freshwater ecosystem (Productivity problems of freshwaters, Eds. Z. Kajak, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska) — Warszawa-Kraków: 301—309.
Burns C. W. 1966 — The feeding behaviour of Daphnia under natural conditions — Ph. Dr Thesis, Univ. Toronto, 88 pp.
Burns C. W. 1968 — The relationship between body size of filter-feeding Cladocera and the maximum size of particle ingested — Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 675—679.
Cummins K. W., Costa R. R., Rowe R. E., Moshiri G. A., Scanlon R. M., Zajdel R. K. 1969 — Ecological energetics of natural population of predaceous, zooplankter Leptodora kindtii Focike (Cladocera) — Oikos, 20: 189—223.
Edmondson W. T. 1965 — Reproductive rate of planktonic rotifers as related to food and temperature in nature — Ecol. Monogr. 35: 61—111.
Eppacher T. 1968 — Physiographic und Zooplankton des Gossenkdllesees — Ber. naturw.-med. Ver. Innsbruck, 56: 31—123.
Erman L. A. 1958 — Novye laboratornye ustanovki dla kultirovanija kolovratok i izueenija ich pitanija — Nauc. Doki. vyss. Skoly, biol. Nauki, 4: 11—15.
Erman L. A. 1962 — Ob ispolzovanii troficeskich resursov vodoemov plankfoonymi kolovratkami — Bjull. mosk. Obść. Isp. Prir. 67: 32—47.
Fryer G. 1957 — The food of some freshwater cyclopoid copepods and its ecological significance — J. Anim. Ecol. 26: 263—286.
Fryer G. 1968 — Evolution and adaptafive radiation in the Chydoridae (Crustacea: Cladocera). A study in comparative functional morphology and ecology — Phil. Trans, roy. Soc. London, S. B, 254: 221—385.
Galkovskaja G. A. 1963 — Izucenie pitanija planktonnych kolovratkov — Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR. 7: 202—205.
Gliwicz Z. M. 1967 — Zooplankton and temperature-oxygen conditions of two alpine lakes of Tatra Mts Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 14: 53—72.
Gliwicz Z. M. 1969a — Studies on the feeding of pelagic zooplankton in lakes with varying trophy — Ekol. Pol. A, 17: 665—708.
Gliwicz Z. M. 1969b — Wykorzystanie produkcji pierwotnej przez konsumentów planktonowych w zależności od długości łańcucha pokarmowego — Ekol. Pol. B, 15: 63—70.
Gliwicz Z. M. 1969c — Baza pokarmowa zooplanktonu jeziorowego — Ekol. Pol. B, 15: 205—223.
Gliwicz Z. M. 1973 — Importance of zooplankton for plankton system functioning in more and less eutrophic lakes (Eutrophierung und Gewasserschutz — Kurzfassung der Vortrage) — Sehloss Reinhardsbrunn : 16—16d.
Gliwicz Z. M. (in press) — Diurnal and seasonal changes of feeding activity of limnetic freshwater filter feeders — Ekol. Pol.
Gras R., Iltis A., Saint-Jean L. 1971 — Biologie des Crustaces du Lac Tchad. II. Regime alimentaire des Entomostraces planctoniques — Cah. ORSTOM, Ser. Hydrob. 5: 285—296.
Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., Karabin A. 1970 — An attempt to estimate consumption, respiration and production of Leptodora kindtii (Fodke) in field and laboratory experiments — Pol. Arch. Hyidrobiol. 17: 81—86.
Kajak Z., Ranke-Rybicka B. 1970 — Feeding and production efficiency of Chaoborus flavicans Meigen (Diptera, Culicidae) larva in eutrophic and dystrophic lake — Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 17: 441—451.
Komarova J. V. 1966 — Izucenie pitanija C. quadrangula, C. pulchella, M. rectirostris, M. brachiata, M. macropa i D. brachyurum — Trudy vseros. inauć.-iissled. Inst. prud. ryb. Choz. 14: 213—225.
Lindeman R. L. 1942 — The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology — Ecology, 23: 299—418.
Malovickaja L., Sorokin Ju. I. 1961 — K voprosu o pitanii nekotorych vidov diaptomid (Copepoda, Calanoida) bakteriami — Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 136: 948—950.
Manuilova E. F. 1958 — Biologija Daphnia longispina v Rybinskom Vodochranilisce — Trudy biol. Stancii Borok, 3: 236—249.
McMahon J. W., Rigler F. H. 1965 — Feeding rate of Daphnia magna Straus in different foods labeled with radioactive phosphorus — Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 105-413.
McQueen D. J. 1970a — Grazing rates and food selection in Diaptomus oregonensis (Copepoda) from Marion Lake , British Columbia — J. Fish. Bd. Canada, 27: 13—20.
McQueen D. J. 1970b — Reduction of zooplankton standing stocks by predaceous Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi in Marion Lake, British Columbia — J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 26: 1605—4618.
Monakov A. V. 1972 — Review of studies on feeding of aquatic invertebrates conducted at the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Academy of Science, USSR — J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 29: 263—283.
Monakov A. V. 1973 — O pitanii svobodnozivuscich presnovodnych veslonogich (Trofologija pres novodnych zivotnych) — Moskva: 171—182.
Monakov A. V., Sorokin Ju. I. 1959 — Opyty izućenija chiscnogo pitanija ciklopov s pomoscju izotopnoj metody — Doki. Akad. Nau k USSR, 125: 201—204.
Monakov A. V., Sorokin Ju. I. 1972 — Some results on investigations on nutrition of water animals (Productivity problems of freshwaters, Eds. Z. Kajak, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska) — Warszawa-Kraków: 765—774.
Morduchaj-Boltovskaja E. D. 1958 — Predvaritelnye dannye po pitaniju chiścnych kladocer (Leptodora kindtii i Bythotrephes) v Rybinskom Vodochraniliśce — Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 122: 723—726.
Morduchaj-Boltovskaja E. D. 1960 — O pitanii chiścnych kladocer Leptodora i Bythotrephes — Bjull . Inst. Biol. Vodochran. Akad. Nauk USSR, 6: 21—22.
Pechlaner R. G., Bretschko G., Gollmann P., Pfeifer H., Tilzer M., Weissenbach H. P. 1972 — Ein Hochgebirgssee (Vorderer Finstertaler See, Kuhtai, Tirol) als Modell des Energietransportes durch ein limnisches Okosystem — Verh . Dtsch. zool. Ges. 65: 47—56.
Pourriot R. 1963 — Utilisation des algues brunes unicellulaires pour 1’elevage des Rotiferes — C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 256: 1603—1605.
Pourriot R. 1965 — Rechenches sur l’ecologie des Rotiferes — Vie et Milieu, Suppl. 21: 224 pp.
Pourriot R. 1966 — Regimes et exigences alimentaire des Rotiferes — Verh. int. Vereinig. Limnol. 16.
Pourriot R. 1970 — Quelques Trichocerca (Rotiferes) et leurs regimes alimentaires — Ann. Hydrobiol. 1: 155—171.
Rigler F. H. 1972 — The Char Lake Project. A study of energy flow in a high arctic lake (Productivity problems of freshwaters, Eds. Z. Kajak, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska) — Warszawa-Kraków: 283—300.
Rigler F. H. 1973 — Zalety i wady koncepcji przepływu energii oraz koncepcji krążenia biogenów — Wiad. ekol. 19: 194—203.
Sebestyen O. 1960 — On the food niche of Leptodora kindtii in the open water communities of Lake Balaton — Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 45: 277—282.
Sorokin Ju. I., Monakov A. V., Morduchaj-Boltovskaja E. D., Tichon-Lukanina E. D., Rodova R. A. — Opyt primenenija radiouglerodnogo metoda dlja izucenija troficeskoj roli sinezelenych vodoroslej (Ekologija i biologija sinezelenych vodoroslej) — Moskva: 253—260.
op_rights Creative Commons Attribution BY 3.0 PL license
Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 3.0 Polska
op_rightsnorm CC-BY
_version_ 1766302608683696128
spelling ftrcin:oai:rcin.org.pl:147230 2023-05-15T14:28:27+02:00 Status troficzny gatunków zooplanktonu słodkowodnego Trophic status of freshwater zooplankton species Status troficzny zooplanktonu Gliwicz, Zbigniew Maciej Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Ekologiczny 1974 https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/147230/content pol pol Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wiadomości Ekologiczne Anderson R. S. 1967 — Diaptomid copepods from two mountain ponds in Alberta — Can. J. Zool. 45: 1043—1047. Anderson R. S. 1970 — Predator — prey relationship and predation rates for crustacean zooplankters from some lakes in western Canada — Can. J. Zool. 48: 1 1229—1240. Beauchamp P. 1961 — Sur Asplachna henrietta (Rotifera) — Bull. Soc. zool. France, 86: 701—704. Bogatova J. B. 1951 — Kolicestvennye dannye o pitanii Cyclops strenuus Fischeri Cyclops viridis Jurine — Trudy Saratov. Otd. kasp. Fil. VNIRO, 1: 163—176. Bogatova J. B. 1965 — Pitanie dafnij i diaptomuisov w prudach — Trudy vseros. nauc.-issled. Inst. prud. ryb. Choz. 13: 165—178. Bogatova J. B. 1967 — O pitanid Moina rectirostris (Zeidig) — Trudy vseros. nauć.-issled. Inst. prud. ryb. Choz. 15: 106—116. Burgis M. J. 1971 — The ecology and production of copepods, particularly Thermocyclops hyalinus, in the tropical Lake George, Uganda — Freshwat. Biol. 1: 169—192. Burgis M. J., Dunn J. G., Ganf G. G., McGowan L. M., Viner A. B. 1972 —Lake George, Uganda. Studies on tropical freshwater ecosystem (Productivity problems of freshwaters, Eds. Z. Kajak, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska) — Warszawa-Kraków: 301—309. Burns C. W. 1966 — The feeding behaviour of Daphnia under natural conditions — Ph. Dr Thesis, Univ. Toronto, 88 pp. Burns C. W. 1968 — The relationship between body size of filter-feeding Cladocera and the maximum size of particle ingested — Limnol. Oceanogr. 13: 675—679. Cummins K. W., Costa R. R., Rowe R. E., Moshiri G. A., Scanlon R. M., Zajdel R. K. 1969 — Ecological energetics of natural population of predaceous, zooplankter Leptodora kindtii Focike (Cladocera) — Oikos, 20: 189—223. Edmondson W. T. 1965 — Reproductive rate of planktonic rotifers as related to food and temperature in nature — Ecol. Monogr. 35: 61—111. Eppacher T. 1968 — Physiographic und Zooplankton des Gossenkdllesees — Ber. naturw.-med. Ver. Innsbruck, 56: 31—123. Erman L. A. 1958 — Novye laboratornye ustanovki dla kultirovanija kolovratok i izueenija ich pitanija — Nauc. Doki. vyss. Skoly, biol. Nauki, 4: 11—15. Erman L. A. 1962 — Ob ispolzovanii troficeskich resursov vodoemov plankfoonymi kolovratkami — Bjull. mosk. Obść. Isp. Prir. 67: 32—47. Fryer G. 1957 — The food of some freshwater cyclopoid copepods and its ecological significance — J. Anim. Ecol. 26: 263—286. Fryer G. 1968 — Evolution and adaptafive radiation in the Chydoridae (Crustacea: Cladocera). A study in comparative functional morphology and ecology — Phil. Trans, roy. Soc. London, S. B, 254: 221—385. Galkovskaja G. A. 1963 — Izucenie pitanija planktonnych kolovratkov — Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR. 7: 202—205. Gliwicz Z. M. 1967 — Zooplankton and temperature-oxygen conditions of two alpine lakes of Tatra Mts Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 14: 53—72. Gliwicz Z. M. 1969a — Studies on the feeding of pelagic zooplankton in lakes with varying trophy — Ekol. Pol. A, 17: 665—708. Gliwicz Z. M. 1969b — Wykorzystanie produkcji pierwotnej przez konsumentów planktonowych w zależności od długości łańcucha pokarmowego — Ekol. Pol. B, 15: 63—70. Gliwicz Z. M. 1969c — Baza pokarmowa zooplanktonu jeziorowego — Ekol. Pol. B, 15: 205—223. Gliwicz Z. M. 1973 — Importance of zooplankton for plankton system functioning in more and less eutrophic lakes (Eutrophierung und Gewasserschutz — Kurzfassung der Vortrage) — Sehloss Reinhardsbrunn : 16—16d. Gliwicz Z. M. (in press) — Diurnal and seasonal changes of feeding activity of limnetic freshwater filter feeders — Ekol. Pol. Gras R., Iltis A., Saint-Jean L. 1971 — Biologie des Crustaces du Lac Tchad. II. Regime alimentaire des Entomostraces planctoniques — Cah. ORSTOM, Ser. Hydrob. 5: 285—296. Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., Karabin A. 1970 — An attempt to estimate consumption, respiration and production of Leptodora kindtii (Fodke) in field and laboratory experiments — Pol. Arch. Hyidrobiol. 17: 81—86. Kajak Z., Ranke-Rybicka B. 1970 — Feeding and production efficiency of Chaoborus flavicans Meigen (Diptera, Culicidae) larva in eutrophic and dystrophic lake — Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 17: 441—451. Komarova J. V. 1966 — Izucenie pitanija C. quadrangula, C. pulchella, M. rectirostris, M. brachiata, M. macropa i D. brachyurum — Trudy vseros. inauć.-iissled. Inst. prud. ryb. Choz. 14: 213—225. Lindeman R. L. 1942 — The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology — Ecology, 23: 299—418. Malovickaja L., Sorokin Ju. I. 1961 — K voprosu o pitanii nekotorych vidov diaptomid (Copepoda, Calanoida) bakteriami — Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 136: 948—950. Manuilova E. F. 1958 — Biologija Daphnia longispina v Rybinskom Vodochranilisce — Trudy biol. Stancii Borok, 3: 236—249. McMahon J. W., Rigler F. H. 1965 — Feeding rate of Daphnia magna Straus in different foods labeled with radioactive phosphorus — Limnol. Oceanogr. 10: 105-413. McQueen D. J. 1970a — Grazing rates and food selection in Diaptomus oregonensis (Copepoda) from Marion Lake , British Columbia — J. Fish. Bd. Canada, 27: 13—20. McQueen D. J. 1970b — Reduction of zooplankton standing stocks by predaceous Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi in Marion Lake, British Columbia — J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 26: 1605—4618. Monakov A. V. 1972 — Review of studies on feeding of aquatic invertebrates conducted at the Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Academy of Science, USSR — J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 29: 263—283. Monakov A. V. 1973 — O pitanii svobodnozivuscich presnovodnych veslonogich (Trofologija pres novodnych zivotnych) — Moskva: 171—182. Monakov A. V., Sorokin Ju. I. 1959 — Opyty izućenija chiscnogo pitanija ciklopov s pomoscju izotopnoj metody — Doki. Akad. Nau k USSR, 125: 201—204. Monakov A. V., Sorokin Ju. I. 1972 — Some results on investigations on nutrition of water animals (Productivity problems of freshwaters, Eds. Z. Kajak, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska) — Warszawa-Kraków: 765—774. Morduchaj-Boltovskaja E. D. 1958 — Predvaritelnye dannye po pitaniju chiścnych kladocer (Leptodora kindtii i Bythotrephes) v Rybinskom Vodochraniliśce — Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 122: 723—726. Morduchaj-Boltovskaja E. D. 1960 — O pitanii chiścnych kladocer Leptodora i Bythotrephes — Bjull . Inst. Biol. Vodochran. Akad. Nauk USSR, 6: 21—22. Pechlaner R. G., Bretschko G., Gollmann P., Pfeifer H., Tilzer M., Weissenbach H. P. 1972 — Ein Hochgebirgssee (Vorderer Finstertaler See, Kuhtai, Tirol) als Modell des Energietransportes durch ein limnisches Okosystem — Verh . Dtsch. zool. Ges. 65: 47—56. Pourriot R. 1963 — Utilisation des algues brunes unicellulaires pour 1’elevage des Rotiferes — C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 256: 1603—1605. Pourriot R. 1965 — Rechenches sur l’ecologie des Rotiferes — Vie et Milieu, Suppl. 21: 224 pp. Pourriot R. 1966 — Regimes et exigences alimentaire des Rotiferes — Verh. int. Vereinig. Limnol. 16. Pourriot R. 1970 — Quelques Trichocerca (Rotiferes) et leurs regimes alimentaires — Ann. Hydrobiol. 1: 155—171. Rigler F. H. 1972 — The Char Lake Project. A study of energy flow in a high arctic lake (Productivity problems of freshwaters, Eds. Z. Kajak, A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska) — Warszawa-Kraków: 283—300. Rigler F. H. 1973 — Zalety i wady koncepcji przepływu energii oraz koncepcji krążenia biogenów — Wiad. ekol. 19: 194—203. Sebestyen O. 1960 — On the food niche of Leptodora kindtii in the open water communities of Lake Balaton — Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 45: 277—282. Sorokin Ju. I., Monakov A. V., Morduchaj-Boltovskaja E. D., Tichon-Lukanina E. D., Rodova R. A. — Opyt primenenija radiouglerodnogo metoda dlja izucenija troficeskoj roli sinezelenych vodoroslej (Ekologija i biologija sinezelenych vodoroslej) — Moskva: 253—260. Creative Commons Attribution BY 3.0 PL license Licencja Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 3.0 Polska CC-BY MiIZ PAN, call no. P.3259 http://katalog.pan.pl/webpac-bin/228bmiizPL/wgbroker.exe?new+-access+top+search+open+NR+bb95102729 MiIZ PAN, sygn. P.3259 food chains (ecology) nutrient cycles freshwater zooplankton zooplankton słodkowodny łańcuchy troficzne Text Tekst 1974 ftrcin 2022-11-28T03:46:17Z Pages 197-206 24 cm Bibliographical references (pages 201-204) Abstract in English Each effort for an ecological classification based on the concept of species always encounters serious difficulties. It is nevertheless necessary when data obtained for species are to be used for the construction of a complex system model composed of the trophic levels. Even the plankton, generally accepted as one of the most simple systems, can be subjected only with great difficulty to the trophic classification operations (Fig 1). The essence of this difficulty is the very unclear trophic status of each animal component of the system. Nevertheless such classification efforts are quite common nowadays (works on IBP synthesis) placing each zooplankton species into herbivores, carnivores, detritivores or omnivores, where only the last group seems reasonable as most species allotted to the three former groups in reality represent their own groups only in specific conditions, e.g. laboratory experiments.The type of food of a given species is largely dependent on three factors: 1. Morphological and functional aspects of food uptake (filter feeding, sedimentation or raptorial feeding, n.b. many species mak e use of two or even three mechanisms alternatively). 2. Animal behaviour which determines its food selectivity: a. ease of choice of a particular feeding zone, b. ease of choice of particular objects from the potential food variety. 3. Abundance of diverse types of food in the environment. The first two factors are essentially of species origin but even these may change quite a bit not only from stage to stage of individual development, but also from environment to environment differ ing in food sources. E.g. Chydorus sphaericusis a typical “scraper” when feeding on periphyton or large phytoplankton colonies(Fryer 1968), but acts as a typical filter feeder in limnetic environment wherethere are no large phytoplankton forms (Gliwicz 1969c). Also, a typical cyclopoidcopepod feeding almost exclusively on phytoplankton in ... Text Arctic Digital Repository of Scientific Institutes (RCIN) Mak ENVELOPE(162.381,162.381,56.401,56.401)

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