Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon.
The high level of escapes from Atlantic salmon farms, up to two million fishes per year in the North Atlantic, has raised concern about the potential impact on wild populations. We report on a twogeneration experiment examining the estimated lifetime successes, relative to wild natives, of farm, F1...
Published in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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2003
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Online Access: | https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/d5329791-4d53-4ecd-ad53-332b0aaa483e https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2520 |
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ftqueensubelpubl:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/d5329791-4d53-4ecd-ad53-332b0aaa483e 2024-09-15T17:56:15+00:00 Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. McGinnity, P. Prodöhl, Paulo Ferguson, Andrew Hynes, Rosaleen O. Maolileidigh, R.N. Baker, N. Cotter, D. Rogan, G. Taggart, J. Cross, T. O'Hea, B. Cooke, D. 2003-12-07 https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/d5329791-4d53-4ecd-ad53-332b0aaa483e https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2520 eng eng https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/d5329791-4d53-4ecd-ad53-332b0aaa483e info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess McGinnity , P , Prodöhl , P , Ferguson , A , Hynes , R , O. Maolileidigh , R N , Baker , N , Cotter , D , Rogan , G , Taggart , J , Cross , T , O'Hea , B & Cooke , D 2003 , ' Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. ' , Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences , vol. 270 , no. 1532 , pp. 2443-2450 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2520 /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1100 name=General Agricultural and Biological Sciences /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1101 name=Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) article 2003 ftqueensubelpubl https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2520 2024-07-15T23:49:24Z The high level of escapes from Atlantic salmon farms, up to two million fishes per year in the North Atlantic, has raised concern about the potential impact on wild populations. We report on a twogeneration experiment examining the estimated lifetime successes, relative to wild natives, of farm, F1 and F2 hybrids and BC1 backcrosses to wild and farm salmon. Offspring of farm and hybrids (i.e. all F1 , F2 and BC1 groups) showed reduced survival compared with wild salmon but grew faster as juveniles and displaced wild parr, which as a group were significantly smaller. Where suitable habitat for these emigrant parr is absent, this competition would result in reduced wild smolt production. In the experimental conditions, where emigrants survived downstream, the relative estimated lifetime success ranged from 2% (farm) to 89% (BC1 wild) of that of wild salmon, indicating additive genetic variation for survival . Wild salmon primarily returned to fresh water after one sea winter (1SW) but farm and hybrids produced proportionately more 2SW salmon. However, lower overall survival means that this would result in reduced recruitment despite increased 2SW fecundity. We thus demonstrate that interaction of farm with wild salmon results in lowered fitness, with repeated escapes causing cumulative fitness depression and potentially an extinction vortex in vulnerable populations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon North Atlantic Salmo salar Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 270 1532 2443 2450 |
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Queen's University Belfast Research Portal |
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English |
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/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1100 name=General Agricultural and Biological Sciences /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1101 name=Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) |
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/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1100 name=General Agricultural and Biological Sciences /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1101 name=Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) McGinnity, P. Prodöhl, Paulo Ferguson, Andrew Hynes, Rosaleen O. Maolileidigh, R.N. Baker, N. Cotter, D. Rogan, G. Taggart, J. Cross, T. O'Hea, B. Cooke, D. Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. |
topic_facet |
/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1100 name=General Agricultural and Biological Sciences /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1101 name=Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) |
description |
The high level of escapes from Atlantic salmon farms, up to two million fishes per year in the North Atlantic, has raised concern about the potential impact on wild populations. We report on a twogeneration experiment examining the estimated lifetime successes, relative to wild natives, of farm, F1 and F2 hybrids and BC1 backcrosses to wild and farm salmon. Offspring of farm and hybrids (i.e. all F1 , F2 and BC1 groups) showed reduced survival compared with wild salmon but grew faster as juveniles and displaced wild parr, which as a group were significantly smaller. Where suitable habitat for these emigrant parr is absent, this competition would result in reduced wild smolt production. In the experimental conditions, where emigrants survived downstream, the relative estimated lifetime success ranged from 2% (farm) to 89% (BC1 wild) of that of wild salmon, indicating additive genetic variation for survival . Wild salmon primarily returned to fresh water after one sea winter (1SW) but farm and hybrids produced proportionately more 2SW salmon. However, lower overall survival means that this would result in reduced recruitment despite increased 2SW fecundity. We thus demonstrate that interaction of farm with wild salmon results in lowered fitness, with repeated escapes causing cumulative fitness depression and potentially an extinction vortex in vulnerable populations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
McGinnity, P. Prodöhl, Paulo Ferguson, Andrew Hynes, Rosaleen O. Maolileidigh, R.N. Baker, N. Cotter, D. Rogan, G. Taggart, J. Cross, T. O'Hea, B. Cooke, D. |
author_facet |
McGinnity, P. Prodöhl, Paulo Ferguson, Andrew Hynes, Rosaleen O. Maolileidigh, R.N. Baker, N. Cotter, D. Rogan, G. Taggart, J. Cross, T. O'Hea, B. Cooke, D. |
author_sort |
McGinnity, P. |
title |
Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. |
title_short |
Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. |
title_full |
Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. |
title_fullStr |
Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. |
title_sort |
fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of atlantic salmon, salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. |
publishDate |
2003 |
url |
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/d5329791-4d53-4ecd-ad53-332b0aaa483e https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2520 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon North Atlantic Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon North Atlantic Salmo salar |
op_source |
McGinnity , P , Prodöhl , P , Ferguson , A , Hynes , R , O. Maolileidigh , R N , Baker , N , Cotter , D , Rogan , G , Taggart , J , Cross , T , O'Hea , B & Cooke , D 2003 , ' Fitness reduction and potential extinction of wild populations of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar , as a result of interactions with escaped farm salmon. ' , Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences , vol. 270 , no. 1532 , pp. 2443-2450 . https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2520 |
op_relation |
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/d5329791-4d53-4ecd-ad53-332b0aaa483e |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2520 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |
container_volume |
270 |
container_issue |
1532 |
container_start_page |
2443 |
op_container_end_page |
2450 |
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1810432465868685312 |