Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds
Tree ring Delta C-14 data (Reimer et al., 2004; McCormac et al., 2004) indicate that atmospheric Delta C-14 varied on multi-decadal to centennial timescales, in both hemispheres, over the period between AD 950 and 1830. The Northern and Southern Hemispheric Delta C-14 records display similar variabi...
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Online Access: | https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/bf3ebb81-92ef-4bf8-b020-28652255cff7 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1123-2011 |
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ftqueensubelpubl:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/bf3ebb81-92ef-4bf8-b020-28652255cff7 2024-01-14T10:10:48+01:00 Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds Rodgers, K.B. Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E. Bianchi, D. Beaulieu, C. Galbraith, E.D. Gnanadesikan, A. Hogg, A.G. Iudicone, D. Lintner, B.R. Naegler, T. Reimer, Paula Sarmiento, J.L. Slater, R.D. 2011 https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/bf3ebb81-92ef-4bf8-b020-28652255cff7 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1123-2011 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Rodgers , K B , Mikaloff-Fletcher , S E , Bianchi , D , Beaulieu , C , Galbraith , E D , Gnanadesikan , A , Hogg , A G , Iudicone , D , Lintner , B R , Naegler , T , Reimer , P , Sarmiento , J L & Slater , R D 2011 , ' Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds ' , Climate of the Past , vol. 7 , pp. 1123-1138 . https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1123-2011 /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action SDG 13 - Climate Action article 2011 ftqueensubelpubl https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1123-2011 2023-12-21T23:22:31Z Tree ring Delta C-14 data (Reimer et al., 2004; McCormac et al., 2004) indicate that atmospheric Delta C-14 varied on multi-decadal to centennial timescales, in both hemispheres, over the period between AD 950 and 1830. The Northern and Southern Hemispheric Delta C-14 records display similar variability, but from the data alone is it not clear whether these variations are driven by the production of C-14 in the stratosphere (Stuiver and Quay, 1980) or by perturbations to exchanges between carbon reservoirs (Siegenthaler et al., 1980). As the sea-air flux of (CO2)-C-14 has a clear maximum in the open ocean regions of the Southern Ocean, relatively modest perturbations to the winds over this region drive significant perturbations to the interhemispheric gradient. In this study, model simulations are used to show that Southern Ocean winds are likely a main driver of the observed variability in the interhemispheric gradient over AD 950-1830, and further, that this variability may be larger than the Southern Ocean wind trends that have been reported for recent decades (notably 1980-2004). This interpretation also implies that there may have been a significant weakening of the winds over the Southern Ocean within a few decades of AD 1375, associated with the transition between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. The driving forces that could have produced such a shift in the winds at the Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age transition remain unknown. Our process-focused suite of perturbation experiments with models raises the possibility that the current generation of coupled climate and earth system models may underestimate the natural background multi-decadal- to centennial-timescale variations in the winds over the Southern Ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Reimer ENVELOPE(-86.200,-86.200,-77.800,-77.800) Southern Ocean Climate of the Past 7 4 1123 1138 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Queen's University Belfast Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftqueensubelpubl |
language |
English |
topic |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action SDG 13 - Climate Action |
spellingShingle |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action SDG 13 - Climate Action Rodgers, K.B. Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E. Bianchi, D. Beaulieu, C. Galbraith, E.D. Gnanadesikan, A. Hogg, A.G. Iudicone, D. Lintner, B.R. Naegler, T. Reimer, Paula Sarmiento, J.L. Slater, R.D. Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds |
topic_facet |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action SDG 13 - Climate Action |
description |
Tree ring Delta C-14 data (Reimer et al., 2004; McCormac et al., 2004) indicate that atmospheric Delta C-14 varied on multi-decadal to centennial timescales, in both hemispheres, over the period between AD 950 and 1830. The Northern and Southern Hemispheric Delta C-14 records display similar variability, but from the data alone is it not clear whether these variations are driven by the production of C-14 in the stratosphere (Stuiver and Quay, 1980) or by perturbations to exchanges between carbon reservoirs (Siegenthaler et al., 1980). As the sea-air flux of (CO2)-C-14 has a clear maximum in the open ocean regions of the Southern Ocean, relatively modest perturbations to the winds over this region drive significant perturbations to the interhemispheric gradient. In this study, model simulations are used to show that Southern Ocean winds are likely a main driver of the observed variability in the interhemispheric gradient over AD 950-1830, and further, that this variability may be larger than the Southern Ocean wind trends that have been reported for recent decades (notably 1980-2004). This interpretation also implies that there may have been a significant weakening of the winds over the Southern Ocean within a few decades of AD 1375, associated with the transition between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age. The driving forces that could have produced such a shift in the winds at the Medieval Climate Anomaly to Little Ice Age transition remain unknown. Our process-focused suite of perturbation experiments with models raises the possibility that the current generation of coupled climate and earth system models may underestimate the natural background multi-decadal- to centennial-timescale variations in the winds over the Southern Ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rodgers, K.B. Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E. Bianchi, D. Beaulieu, C. Galbraith, E.D. Gnanadesikan, A. Hogg, A.G. Iudicone, D. Lintner, B.R. Naegler, T. Reimer, Paula Sarmiento, J.L. Slater, R.D. |
author_facet |
Rodgers, K.B. Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E. Bianchi, D. Beaulieu, C. Galbraith, E.D. Gnanadesikan, A. Hogg, A.G. Iudicone, D. Lintner, B.R. Naegler, T. Reimer, Paula Sarmiento, J.L. Slater, R.D. |
author_sort |
Rodgers, K.B. |
title |
Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds |
title_short |
Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds |
title_full |
Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds |
title_fullStr |
Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds |
title_sort |
interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of southern ocean winds |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/bf3ebb81-92ef-4bf8-b020-28652255cff7 https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1123-2011 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-86.200,-86.200,-77.800,-77.800) |
geographic |
Reimer Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Reimer Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Rodgers , K B , Mikaloff-Fletcher , S E , Bianchi , D , Beaulieu , C , Galbraith , E D , Gnanadesikan , A , Hogg , A G , Iudicone , D , Lintner , B R , Naegler , T , Reimer , P , Sarmiento , J L & Slater , R D 2011 , ' Interhemispheric gradient of atmospheric radiocarbon reveals natural variability of Southern Ocean winds ' , Climate of the Past , vol. 7 , pp. 1123-1138 . https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1123-2011 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1123-2011 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
1123 |
op_container_end_page |
1138 |
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1788065623609180160 |