The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador
The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environment...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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ftqueensubelpubl:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/3f224281-fd25-4159-8466-8829c4a81c4e 2024-06-23T07:47:00+00:00 The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Díaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Mattieu Tournigand, Pierre Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W. McConnell, Joseph R. Sunyé-Puchol, Ivan Harris, Pablo Dávila Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R. Chellman, Nathan Gutiérrez, Eduardo 2020-10-20 application/pdf https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/3f224281-fd25-4159-8466-8829c4a81c4e https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/222516766/Smith_et_al_2020_PNAS.pdf eng eng https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/3f224281-fd25-4159-8466-8829c4a81c4e info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Smith , V C , Costa , A , Aguirre-Díaz , G , Pedrazzi , D , Scifo , A , Plunkett , G , Poret , M , Tournigand , P Y , Miles , D , Dee , M W , McConnell , J R , Sunyé-Puchol , I , Harris , P D , Sigl , M , Pilcher , J R , Chellman , N & Gutiérrez , E 2020 , ' The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 117 , no. 42 , pp. 26061-26068 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 Eruption dispersal Large volcanic eruptions Maya Radiocarbon Sulfate /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1000 name=General article 2020 ftqueensubelpubl https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 2024-06-04T14:55:07Z The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environmental and climatic impacts of this large eruption are not well known because the eruption magnitude and date are not well constrained. In this multifaceted study we have resolved the date of the eruption to 431 ± 2 CE by identifying the ash layer in a well-dated, high-resolution Greenland ice-core record that is >7,000 km from Ilopango; and calculated that between 37 and 82 km3 of magma was dispersed from an eruption coignimbrite column that rose to ∼45 km by modeling the deposit thickness using state-of-the-art tephra dispersal methods. Sulfate records from an array of ice cores suggest stratospheric injection of 14 ± 2 Tg S associated with the TBJ eruption, exceeding those of the historic eruption of Pinatubo in 1991. Based on these estimates it is likely that the TBJ eruption produced a cooling of around 0.5 °C for a few years after the eruption. The modeled dispersal and higher sulfate concentrations recorded in Antarctic ice cores imply that the cooling would have been more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The new date confirms the eruption occurred within the Early Classic phase when Maya expanded across Central America. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Greenland ice core ice core Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Antarctic Greenland Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 42 26061 26068 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Queen's University Belfast Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
ftqueensubelpubl |
language |
English |
topic |
Eruption dispersal Large volcanic eruptions Maya Radiocarbon Sulfate /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1000 name=General |
spellingShingle |
Eruption dispersal Large volcanic eruptions Maya Radiocarbon Sulfate /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1000 name=General Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Díaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Mattieu Tournigand, Pierre Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W. McConnell, Joseph R. Sunyé-Puchol, Ivan Harris, Pablo Dávila Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R. Chellman, Nathan Gutiérrez, Eduardo The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
topic_facet |
Eruption dispersal Large volcanic eruptions Maya Radiocarbon Sulfate /dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1000 name=General |
description |
The Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption from Ilopango volcano deposited thick ash over much of El Salvador when it was inhabited by the Maya, and rendered all areas within at least 80 km of the volcano uninhabitable for years to decades after the eruption. Nonetheless, the more widespread environmental and climatic impacts of this large eruption are not well known because the eruption magnitude and date are not well constrained. In this multifaceted study we have resolved the date of the eruption to 431 ± 2 CE by identifying the ash layer in a well-dated, high-resolution Greenland ice-core record that is >7,000 km from Ilopango; and calculated that between 37 and 82 km3 of magma was dispersed from an eruption coignimbrite column that rose to ∼45 km by modeling the deposit thickness using state-of-the-art tephra dispersal methods. Sulfate records from an array of ice cores suggest stratospheric injection of 14 ± 2 Tg S associated with the TBJ eruption, exceeding those of the historic eruption of Pinatubo in 1991. Based on these estimates it is likely that the TBJ eruption produced a cooling of around 0.5 °C for a few years after the eruption. The modeled dispersal and higher sulfate concentrations recorded in Antarctic ice cores imply that the cooling would have been more pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere. The new date confirms the eruption occurred within the Early Classic phase when Maya expanded across Central America. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Díaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Mattieu Tournigand, Pierre Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W. McConnell, Joseph R. Sunyé-Puchol, Ivan Harris, Pablo Dávila Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R. Chellman, Nathan Gutiérrez, Eduardo |
author_facet |
Smith, Victoria C. Costa, Antonio Aguirre-Díaz, Gerardo Pedrazzi, Dario Scifo, Andrea Plunkett, Gill Poret, Mattieu Tournigand, Pierre Yves Miles, Dan Dee, Michael W. McConnell, Joseph R. Sunyé-Puchol, Ivan Harris, Pablo Dávila Sigl, Michael Pilcher, Jonathan R. Chellman, Nathan Gutiérrez, Eduardo |
author_sort |
Smith, Victoria C. |
title |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_short |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_full |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_fullStr |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_full_unstemmed |
The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador |
title_sort |
magnitude and impact of the 431 ce tierra blanca joven eruption of ilopango, el salvador |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/3f224281-fd25-4159-8466-8829c4a81c4e https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/222516766/Smith_et_al_2020_PNAS.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Greenland |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Greenland Greenland ice core ice core |
op_source |
Smith , V C , Costa , A , Aguirre-Díaz , G , Pedrazzi , D , Scifo , A , Plunkett , G , Poret , M , Tournigand , P Y , Miles , D , Dee , M W , McConnell , J R , Sunyé-Puchol , I , Harris , P D , Sigl , M , Pilcher , J R , Chellman , N & Gutiérrez , E 2020 , ' The magnitude and impact of the 431 CE Tierra Blanca Joven eruption of Ilopango, El Salvador ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 117 , no. 42 , pp. 26061-26068 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 |
op_relation |
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/3f224281-fd25-4159-8466-8829c4a81c4e |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003008117 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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117 |
container_issue |
42 |
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26061 |
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26068 |
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