Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion
There exists confusion in the exercise and sports science community over the function and capacity of the bicarbonate (HCO 3 - buffer system, as well as the mechanism of action of citrate ingestion for raising blood bicarbonate and pH. This commentary provides a brief explanation of buffers, and the...
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American Society of Exercise Physiologists
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ftqueensland:oai:eprints.qut.edu.au:96877 2024-02-04T09:59:35+01:00 Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion Robergs, Robert A. 2002 application/pdf https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96877/ unknown American Society of Exercise Physiologists https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96877/1/96877.pdf https://www.asep.org/asep/asep/August2002JEPonline.html Robergs, Robert A. (2002) Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 5(3), pp. 1-5. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96877/ Faculty of Health free_to_read Copyright 2002 American Society of Exercise Physiologists This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the document is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to qut.copyright@qut.edu.au Journal of Exercise Physiology Online acetic acid bicarbonate buffer carbonic acid citric acid bicarbonate blood level blood pH chemical structure electrochemical analysis exercise pH measurement review Contribution to Journal 2002 ftqueensland 2024-01-08T23:37:59Z There exists confusion in the exercise and sports science community over the function and capacity of the bicarbonate (HCO 3 - buffer system, as well as the mechanism of action of citrate ingestion for raising blood bicarbonate and pH. This commentary provides a brief explanation of buffers, and their mechanism of action. Blood buffers must function between a pH range of 7.2 to 7.4, while muscle intracellular buffers must function between pH values of 6.2 to 7.0. Ideally, the pK' characteristics of a buffer must be close to the pH of the tissue. However, the pK' values for (carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) and HCO 3 are 3.77 and 10.2, respectively. Despite these values, the bicarbonate system is a good blood buffer for pH values close to 7.4. This pK' and pH disparity results from the influence of body CO 2 stores on each of H 2 CO 3 and HCO 3 , effectively altering the pK' of the system close to 7.4. Increasing blood HCO 3 - increases the buffering capacity of blood, which in turn can improve intense intermittent exercise performance. Citrate does not have a pK' of an ionizable group that is effective within the range of blood pH. Nevertheless, citrate ingestion can increase blood HCO 3 - and pH. A review of the metabolic fate of citrate reveals that no protons are consumed in citrate catabolism. Thus, the benefit of citrate to blood buffering is based on its minor buffering capacity throughout the range of blood pH, and electrochemical properties that effectively raise blood HCO 3 - and pH though adjustments to the distributions of charged molecules within the intracellular and extracellular spaces. More research is needed for establishing the optimal mix of bicarbonate and citrate that most effectively improves blood proton buffering and intense exercise performance. Article in Journal/Newspaper Carbonic acid Queensland University of Technology: QUT ePrints |
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Queensland University of Technology: QUT ePrints |
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acetic acid bicarbonate buffer carbonic acid citric acid bicarbonate blood level blood pH chemical structure electrochemical analysis exercise pH measurement review |
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acetic acid bicarbonate buffer carbonic acid citric acid bicarbonate blood level blood pH chemical structure electrochemical analysis exercise pH measurement review Robergs, Robert A. Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion |
topic_facet |
acetic acid bicarbonate buffer carbonic acid citric acid bicarbonate blood level blood pH chemical structure electrochemical analysis exercise pH measurement review |
description |
There exists confusion in the exercise and sports science community over the function and capacity of the bicarbonate (HCO 3 - buffer system, as well as the mechanism of action of citrate ingestion for raising blood bicarbonate and pH. This commentary provides a brief explanation of buffers, and their mechanism of action. Blood buffers must function between a pH range of 7.2 to 7.4, while muscle intracellular buffers must function between pH values of 6.2 to 7.0. Ideally, the pK' characteristics of a buffer must be close to the pH of the tissue. However, the pK' values for (carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) and HCO 3 are 3.77 and 10.2, respectively. Despite these values, the bicarbonate system is a good blood buffer for pH values close to 7.4. This pK' and pH disparity results from the influence of body CO 2 stores on each of H 2 CO 3 and HCO 3 , effectively altering the pK' of the system close to 7.4. Increasing blood HCO 3 - increases the buffering capacity of blood, which in turn can improve intense intermittent exercise performance. Citrate does not have a pK' of an ionizable group that is effective within the range of blood pH. Nevertheless, citrate ingestion can increase blood HCO 3 - and pH. A review of the metabolic fate of citrate reveals that no protons are consumed in citrate catabolism. Thus, the benefit of citrate to blood buffering is based on its minor buffering capacity throughout the range of blood pH, and electrochemical properties that effectively raise blood HCO 3 - and pH though adjustments to the distributions of charged molecules within the intracellular and extracellular spaces. More research is needed for establishing the optimal mix of bicarbonate and citrate that most effectively improves blood proton buffering and intense exercise performance. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Robergs, Robert A. |
author_facet |
Robergs, Robert A. |
author_sort |
Robergs, Robert A. |
title |
Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion |
title_short |
Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion |
title_full |
Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion |
title_fullStr |
Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion |
title_full_unstemmed |
Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion |
title_sort |
blood acid-base buffering: explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion |
publisher |
American Society of Exercise Physiologists |
publishDate |
2002 |
url |
https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96877/ |
genre |
Carbonic acid |
genre_facet |
Carbonic acid |
op_source |
Journal of Exercise Physiology Online |
op_relation |
https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96877/1/96877.pdf https://www.asep.org/asep/asep/August2002JEPonline.html Robergs, Robert A. (2002) Blood acid-base buffering: Explanation of the effectiveness of bicarbonateand citrate ingestion. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 5(3), pp. 1-5. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/96877/ Faculty of Health |
op_rights |
free_to_read Copyright 2002 American Society of Exercise Physiologists This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the document is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to qut.copyright@qut.edu.au |
_version_ |
1789964471809081344 |