Mass-casualty events: How do we ensure an efficient and effective response?

• Published in: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
• Main Authors: Lea, Jakki K., Tippett, Vivienne C.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Cambridge University Press 2017
• Subjects: MCI; MCI Alberta; bus accidents Alberta; mass casualty events; triage; Fort McMurray; Canada
• Online Access: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107182/

Study Objective: This case study evaluates the challenges experienced by first responders to a mass casualty incident where triage processes were flawed. The analysis highlights the importance of sound triage practice and the significance of continuing professional development in a mass casualty event. Background: In May 2005, six Canadians lost their lives and 21 people were injured, following a bus accident outside Edmonton. Alberta. Passengers were oilfield workers travelling to Edmonton from Fort McMurray, Alberta. Four passengers were confirmed dead on scene and subsequently, two others died in hospital. Consequently, analysis of the multi casualty incident revealed that although scene command and control was efficient and effective, accurate triage was inadequate. Methods: A first person case study analysis of a 2005, Greyhound bus accident, which occurred near Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was analysed. Results: Achieving success and organization of a catastrophic event or natural disaster requires the recognition of the importance of scene control and command, accurate triage and the assurance of destination resource capacity. Multi casualty events are rare, and due to sparse exposure, first responders have limited experience to manage these events effectively. Mass casualty exercises are generally used, although no standardized method exists to evaluate their function and effectiveness. Accurate and timely information are essential in successful multi-casualty events; however, inexperience and limitations often lead to ineffective and inaccurate triage, treatment and transportation of patients. Conclusions: To ensure efficient and effective mass casualty response, future research should focus on adequate professional development programs for first responders. In addition, tools and instruments to aid in successful multi-casualty events would be an asset in achieving success.