The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens
Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes. Although transitory, these larvae often attain a remarkable degree of tissue complexity, with wel...
Published in: | Integrative and Comparative Biology |
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ftqueenmaryuniv:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/72582 2023-05-15T17:35:22+02:00 The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens Carter, HF Thompson, JR Elphick, MR Oliveri, P 2021-05 https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/72582 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab103 en eng Oxford University Press (OUP) Integrative and Comparative Biology Carter, Hugh F et al. "The Development And Neuronal Complexity Of Bipinnaria Larvae Of The Sea Star Asterias Rubens". Integrative And Comparative Biology, 2021. Oxford University Press (OUP), doi:10.1093/icb/icab103. Accessed 16 June 2021. 1540-7063 https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/72582 doi:10.1093/icb/icab103 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Attribution 3.0 United States http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. CC-BY Article 2021 ftqueenmaryuniv https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab103 2022-09-25T20:20:51Z Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes. Although transitory, these larvae often attain a remarkable degree of tissue complexity, with well-defined musculature and nervous systems. Amongst the best studied are larvae belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, but with work largely focused on the pleuteus larvae of sea urchins (class Echinoidea). The greatest diversity of larval strategies amongst echinoderms is found in the class Asteroidea (sea-stars), organisms that are rapidly emerging as experimental systems for genetic and developmental studies. However, the bipinnaria larvae of sea stars have only been studied in detail in a small number of species and although they have been relatively well described neuro-anatomically, they are poorly understood neuro-chemically. Here we have analysed embryonic development and bipinnaria larval anatomy in the common North Atlantic sea-star Asterias rubens, employing use of a variety of staining methods in combination with confocal microscopy. Importantly, the chemical complexity of the nervous system of bipinnaria larvae was revealed with a diverse set of antibodies, with identification of at least three centres with different neuro-chemical signature within the previously described nervous system: the anterior apical organ, oral region and ciliary bands. Furthermore, the anatomy of the musculature and sites of cell division in bipinnaria larvae were analysed. Comparisons of developmental progression and molecular anatomy across the Echinodermata provided a basis for hypotheses on the shared evolutionary and developmental processes that have shaped this group of animals. We conclude that bipinnaria larvae appear to be remarkably conserved across ∼200 million years of evolutionary time and may represent a strong evolutionary and/or developmental constraint for species utilizing this larval strategy. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Queen Mary University of London: Queen Mary Research Online (QMRO) Integrative and Comparative Biology 61 2 337 351 |
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Open Polar |
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Queen Mary University of London: Queen Mary Research Online (QMRO) |
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ftqueenmaryuniv |
language |
English |
description |
Free-swimming planktonic larvae are a key stage in the development of many marine phyla, and studies of these organisms have contributed to our understanding of major genetic and evolutionary processes. Although transitory, these larvae often attain a remarkable degree of tissue complexity, with well-defined musculature and nervous systems. Amongst the best studied are larvae belonging to the phylum Echinodermata, but with work largely focused on the pleuteus larvae of sea urchins (class Echinoidea). The greatest diversity of larval strategies amongst echinoderms is found in the class Asteroidea (sea-stars), organisms that are rapidly emerging as experimental systems for genetic and developmental studies. However, the bipinnaria larvae of sea stars have only been studied in detail in a small number of species and although they have been relatively well described neuro-anatomically, they are poorly understood neuro-chemically. Here we have analysed embryonic development and bipinnaria larval anatomy in the common North Atlantic sea-star Asterias rubens, employing use of a variety of staining methods in combination with confocal microscopy. Importantly, the chemical complexity of the nervous system of bipinnaria larvae was revealed with a diverse set of antibodies, with identification of at least three centres with different neuro-chemical signature within the previously described nervous system: the anterior apical organ, oral region and ciliary bands. Furthermore, the anatomy of the musculature and sites of cell division in bipinnaria larvae were analysed. Comparisons of developmental progression and molecular anatomy across the Echinodermata provided a basis for hypotheses on the shared evolutionary and developmental processes that have shaped this group of animals. We conclude that bipinnaria larvae appear to be remarkably conserved across ∼200 million years of evolutionary time and may represent a strong evolutionary and/or developmental constraint for species utilizing this larval strategy. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Carter, HF Thompson, JR Elphick, MR Oliveri, P |
spellingShingle |
Carter, HF Thompson, JR Elphick, MR Oliveri, P The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens |
author_facet |
Carter, HF Thompson, JR Elphick, MR Oliveri, P |
author_sort |
Carter, HF |
title |
The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens |
title_short |
The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens |
title_full |
The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens |
title_fullStr |
The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens |
title_full_unstemmed |
The development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star Asterias rubens |
title_sort |
development and neuronal complexity of bipinnaria larvae of the sea star asterias rubens |
publisher |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/72582 https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab103 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
Integrative and Comparative Biology Carter, Hugh F et al. "The Development And Neuronal Complexity Of Bipinnaria Larvae Of The Sea Star Asterias Rubens". Integrative And Comparative Biology, 2021. Oxford University Press (OUP), doi:10.1093/icb/icab103. Accessed 16 June 2021. 1540-7063 https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/72582 doi:10.1093/icb/icab103 |
op_rights |
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Attribution 3.0 United States http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icab103 |
container_title |
Integrative and Comparative Biology |
container_volume |
61 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
337 |
op_container_end_page |
351 |
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1766134521142444032 |