Phylogeography and Demographic History of the Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis)

• Published in: Journal of Heredity
• Main Authors: Trinca, Cristine S., de Thoisy, Benoit, Rosas, Fernando C. W., Waldemarin, Helen F., Koepfli, Klaus Peter, Vianna, Juliana A., Eizirik, Eduardo
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC 2024
• Subjects: Bayesian skyline plot; biogeography; conservation; divergence time; population structure; taxonomy; EVOLUTIONARILY-SIGNIFICANT-UNITS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; LUTRA-LUTRA; CONSERVATION GENETICS; POPULATION HISTORY; STATISTICAL TESTS; IBERIAN PENINSULA; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; CONTROL-REGION; SOFTWARE; 15 Life on Land; 15 Vida de ecosistemas terrestres; Lontra; Lutra lutra
• Online Access: https://repositorio.uc.cl/handle/11534/77414; https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/ess001

The Neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is a medium-sized semiaquatic carnivore with a broad distribution in the Neotropical region. Despite being apparently common in many areas, it is one of the least known otters, and genetic studies on this species are scarce. Here, we have investigated its genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history across a large portion of its geographic range by analyzing 1471 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA from 52 individuals. Our results indicate that L. longicaudis presents high levels of genetic diversity and a consistent phylogeographic pattern, suggesting the existence of at least 4 distinct evolutionary lineages in South America. The observed phylogeographic partitions are partially congruent with the subspecies classification previously proposed for this species. Coalescence-based analyses indicate that Neotropical otter mitochondrial DNA lineages have shared a rather recent common ancestor, approximately 0.5 Ma, and have subsequently diversified into the observed phylogroups. A consistent scenario of recent population expansion was identified in Eastern South America based on several complementary analyses of historical demography. The results obtained here provide novel insights on the evolutionary history of this largely unknown Neotropical mustelid and should be useful to design conservation and management policies on behalf of this species and its habitats. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico-CNPq, Brazil WWF Network European Funds (FEDER) Fonds Francais pour l'Environnement Mondial (FFEM) French Ministry of Higher Education and Research