An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost
One quarter of the Northern hemisphere is underlain by permanently frozen ground, referred to as permafrost. Due to climate warming, irreversibly thawing permafrost is releasing organic matter frozen for up to a million years, most of which decomposes into carbon dioxide and methane, further enhanci...
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Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958942/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851778 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020564 |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9958942 2023-05-15T16:59:15+02:00 An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost Alempic, Jean-Marie Lartigue, Audrey Goncharov, Artemiy E. Grosse, Guido Strauss, Jens Tikhonov, Alexey N. Fedorov, Alexander N. Poirot, Olivier Legendre, Matthieu Santini, Sébastien Abergel, Chantal Claverie, Jean-Michel 2023-02-18 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958942/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851778 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020564 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958942/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851778 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020564 © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Viruses Article Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020564 2023-03-05T01:54:09Z One quarter of the Northern hemisphere is underlain by permanently frozen ground, referred to as permafrost. Due to climate warming, irreversibly thawing permafrost is releasing organic matter frozen for up to a million years, most of which decomposes into carbon dioxide and methane, further enhancing the greenhouse effect. Part of this organic matter also consists of revived cellular microbes (prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes) as well as viruses that have remained dormant since prehistorical times. While the literature abounds on descriptions of the rich and diverse prokaryotic microbiomes found in permafrost, no additional report about “live” viruses have been published since the two original studies describing pithovirus (in 2014) and mollivirus (in 2015). This wrongly suggests that such occurrences are rare and that “zombie viruses” are not a public health threat. To restore an appreciation closer to reality, we report the preliminary characterizations of 13 new viruses isolated from seven different ancient Siberian permafrost samples, one from the Lena river and one from Kamchatka cryosol. As expected from the host specificity imposed by our protocol, these viruses belong to five different clades infecting Acanthamoeba spp. but not previously revived from permafrost: Pandoravirus, Cedratvirus, Megavirus, and Pacmanvirus, in addition to a new Pithovirus strain. Text Kamchatka lena river permafrost PubMed Central (PMC) Viruses 15 2 564 |
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Article Alempic, Jean-Marie Lartigue, Audrey Goncharov, Artemiy E. Grosse, Guido Strauss, Jens Tikhonov, Alexey N. Fedorov, Alexander N. Poirot, Olivier Legendre, Matthieu Santini, Sébastien Abergel, Chantal Claverie, Jean-Michel An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost |
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Article |
description |
One quarter of the Northern hemisphere is underlain by permanently frozen ground, referred to as permafrost. Due to climate warming, irreversibly thawing permafrost is releasing organic matter frozen for up to a million years, most of which decomposes into carbon dioxide and methane, further enhancing the greenhouse effect. Part of this organic matter also consists of revived cellular microbes (prokaryotes, unicellular eukaryotes) as well as viruses that have remained dormant since prehistorical times. While the literature abounds on descriptions of the rich and diverse prokaryotic microbiomes found in permafrost, no additional report about “live” viruses have been published since the two original studies describing pithovirus (in 2014) and mollivirus (in 2015). This wrongly suggests that such occurrences are rare and that “zombie viruses” are not a public health threat. To restore an appreciation closer to reality, we report the preliminary characterizations of 13 new viruses isolated from seven different ancient Siberian permafrost samples, one from the Lena river and one from Kamchatka cryosol. As expected from the host specificity imposed by our protocol, these viruses belong to five different clades infecting Acanthamoeba spp. but not previously revived from permafrost: Pandoravirus, Cedratvirus, Megavirus, and Pacmanvirus, in addition to a new Pithovirus strain. |
format |
Text |
author |
Alempic, Jean-Marie Lartigue, Audrey Goncharov, Artemiy E. Grosse, Guido Strauss, Jens Tikhonov, Alexey N. Fedorov, Alexander N. Poirot, Olivier Legendre, Matthieu Santini, Sébastien Abergel, Chantal Claverie, Jean-Michel |
author_facet |
Alempic, Jean-Marie Lartigue, Audrey Goncharov, Artemiy E. Grosse, Guido Strauss, Jens Tikhonov, Alexey N. Fedorov, Alexander N. Poirot, Olivier Legendre, Matthieu Santini, Sébastien Abergel, Chantal Claverie, Jean-Michel |
author_sort |
Alempic, Jean-Marie |
title |
An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost |
title_short |
An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost |
title_full |
An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost |
title_fullStr |
An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost |
title_full_unstemmed |
An Update on Eukaryotic Viruses Revived from Ancient Permafrost |
title_sort |
update on eukaryotic viruses revived from ancient permafrost |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958942/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851778 https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020564 |
genre |
Kamchatka lena river permafrost |
genre_facet |
Kamchatka lena river permafrost |
op_source |
Viruses |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9958942/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36851778 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020564 |
op_rights |
© 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020564 |
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Viruses |
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15 |
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564 |
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