Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean
Heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean invest carbon, nitrogen, and energy in extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large substrates to smaller sizes suitable for uptake. Since hydrolysis products produced outside of a cell may be lost to diffusion, the return on this investment is uncertain. Selfish bact...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9899235 2023-05-15T17:34:06+02:00 Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean Giljan, Greta Brown, Sarah Lloyd, C. Chad Ghobrial, Sherif Amann, Rudolf Arnosti, Carol 2023-02-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9899235/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36739317 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00219-7 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9899235/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36739317 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00219-7 © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . CC-BY ISME Commun Article Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00219-7 2023-02-12T01:48:28Z Heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean invest carbon, nitrogen, and energy in extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large substrates to smaller sizes suitable for uptake. Since hydrolysis products produced outside of a cell may be lost to diffusion, the return on this investment is uncertain. Selfish bacteria change the odds in their favor by binding, partially hydrolyzing, and transporting polysaccharides into the periplasmic space without loss of hydrolysis products. We expected selfish bacteria to be most common in the upper ocean, where phytoplankton produce abundant fresh organic matter, including complex polysaccharides. We, therefore, sampled water in the western North Atlantic Ocean at four depths from three stations differing in physiochemical conditions; these stations and depths also differed considerably in microbial community composition. To our surprise, we found that selfish bacteria are common throughout the water column of the ocean, including at depths greater than 5500 m. Selfish uptake as a strategy thus appears to be geographically—and phylogenetically—widespread. Since processing and uptake of polysaccharides require enzymes that are highly sensitive to substrate structure, the activities of these bacteria might not be reflected by measurements relying on uptake only of low molecular weight substrates. Moreover, even at the bottom of the ocean, the supply of structurally-intact polysaccharides, and therefore the return on enzymatic investment, must be sufficient to maintain these organisms. Text North Atlantic PubMed Central (PMC) ISME Communications 3 1 |
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Article Giljan, Greta Brown, Sarah Lloyd, C. Chad Ghobrial, Sherif Amann, Rudolf Arnosti, Carol Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean |
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Article |
description |
Heterotrophic bacteria in the ocean invest carbon, nitrogen, and energy in extracellular enzymes to hydrolyze large substrates to smaller sizes suitable for uptake. Since hydrolysis products produced outside of a cell may be lost to diffusion, the return on this investment is uncertain. Selfish bacteria change the odds in their favor by binding, partially hydrolyzing, and transporting polysaccharides into the periplasmic space without loss of hydrolysis products. We expected selfish bacteria to be most common in the upper ocean, where phytoplankton produce abundant fresh organic matter, including complex polysaccharides. We, therefore, sampled water in the western North Atlantic Ocean at four depths from three stations differing in physiochemical conditions; these stations and depths also differed considerably in microbial community composition. To our surprise, we found that selfish bacteria are common throughout the water column of the ocean, including at depths greater than 5500 m. Selfish uptake as a strategy thus appears to be geographically—and phylogenetically—widespread. Since processing and uptake of polysaccharides require enzymes that are highly sensitive to substrate structure, the activities of these bacteria might not be reflected by measurements relying on uptake only of low molecular weight substrates. Moreover, even at the bottom of the ocean, the supply of structurally-intact polysaccharides, and therefore the return on enzymatic investment, must be sufficient to maintain these organisms. |
format |
Text |
author |
Giljan, Greta Brown, Sarah Lloyd, C. Chad Ghobrial, Sherif Amann, Rudolf Arnosti, Carol |
author_facet |
Giljan, Greta Brown, Sarah Lloyd, C. Chad Ghobrial, Sherif Amann, Rudolf Arnosti, Carol |
author_sort |
Giljan, Greta |
title |
Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean |
title_short |
Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean |
title_full |
Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean |
title_fullStr |
Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean |
title_sort |
selfish bacteria are active throughout the water column of the ocean |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9899235/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36739317 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00219-7 |
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North Atlantic |
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North Atlantic |
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ISME Commun |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9899235/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36739317 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00219-7 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s43705-023-00219-7 |
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