Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum
Anthropogenically induced warming is transforming Arctic ecosystems across a geologically short timescale, but earlier episodes of Earth history provide insights on the nature and limitations of biotic change in a rapidly warming Arctic. Late early Eocene strata (~52 Ma) of the Margaret Formation on...
Published in: | PLOS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science
2023
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876366/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696373 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280114 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9876366 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9876366 2023-05-15T14:53:38+02:00 Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum Miller, Kristen Tietjen, Kristen Beard, K. Christopher 2023-01-25 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876366/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696373 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280114 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876366/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280114 © 2023 Miller et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY PLoS One Research Article Text 2023 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280114 2023-01-29T02:27:21Z Anthropogenically induced warming is transforming Arctic ecosystems across a geologically short timescale, but earlier episodes of Earth history provide insights on the nature and limitations of biotic change in a rapidly warming Arctic. Late early Eocene strata (~52 Ma) of the Margaret Formation on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada sample a warm temperate ecosystem with a polar light regime situated at ~77°N paleolatitude. This extinct boreal ecosystem hosted a diversity of early Cenozoic vertebrates, including thermophilic taxa such as crocodilians and tapiroid perissodactyls. Here we describe two new species of the early primatomorphan Ignacius from Ellesmere, which are by far the northernmost known records for Paleogene Primatomorpha. Ellesmere species of Ignacius are sister taxa, indicating a single colonization of Ellesmere from farther south in North America coincident with the onset of the hyperthermal Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). The Ellesmere Ignacius clade differs from closely related taxa inhabiting mid-latitudes in being larger (thereby conforming to Bergmann’s rule) and having modified dentition and muscles of mastication for a dietary regime emphasizing hard objects, possibly reflecting an increased reliance on fallback foods during long polar winters. The late early Eocene mammalian fauna of Ellesmere indicates that its unique paleoenvironment rendered it uninhabitable to some clades, including euprimates, while selected taxa were able to adapt to its challenging conditions and diversify. Text Arctic Ellesmere Island Nunavut PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Canada Ellesmere Island Nunavut PLOS ONE 18 1 e0280114 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Research Article |
spellingShingle |
Research Article Miller, Kristen Tietjen, Kristen Beard, K. Christopher Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Anthropogenically induced warming is transforming Arctic ecosystems across a geologically short timescale, but earlier episodes of Earth history provide insights on the nature and limitations of biotic change in a rapidly warming Arctic. Late early Eocene strata (~52 Ma) of the Margaret Formation on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada sample a warm temperate ecosystem with a polar light regime situated at ~77°N paleolatitude. This extinct boreal ecosystem hosted a diversity of early Cenozoic vertebrates, including thermophilic taxa such as crocodilians and tapiroid perissodactyls. Here we describe two new species of the early primatomorphan Ignacius from Ellesmere, which are by far the northernmost known records for Paleogene Primatomorpha. Ellesmere species of Ignacius are sister taxa, indicating a single colonization of Ellesmere from farther south in North America coincident with the onset of the hyperthermal Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). The Ellesmere Ignacius clade differs from closely related taxa inhabiting mid-latitudes in being larger (thereby conforming to Bergmann’s rule) and having modified dentition and muscles of mastication for a dietary regime emphasizing hard objects, possibly reflecting an increased reliance on fallback foods during long polar winters. The late early Eocene mammalian fauna of Ellesmere indicates that its unique paleoenvironment rendered it uninhabitable to some clades, including euprimates, while selected taxa were able to adapt to its challenging conditions and diversify. |
format |
Text |
author |
Miller, Kristen Tietjen, Kristen Beard, K. Christopher |
author_facet |
Miller, Kristen Tietjen, Kristen Beard, K. Christopher |
author_sort |
Miller, Kristen |
title |
Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum |
title_short |
Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum |
title_full |
Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum |
title_fullStr |
Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Basal Primatomorpha colonized Ellesmere Island (Arctic Canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early Eocene climatic optimum |
title_sort |
basal primatomorpha colonized ellesmere island (arctic canada) during the hyperthermal conditions of the early eocene climatic optimum |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876366/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696373 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280114 |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Ellesmere Island Nunavut |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Ellesmere Island Nunavut |
genre |
Arctic Ellesmere Island Nunavut |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ellesmere Island Nunavut |
op_source |
PLoS One |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9876366/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36696373 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280114 |
op_rights |
© 2023 Miller et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280114 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e0280114 |
_version_ |
1766325240032395264 |